Extract from the Register of European Patents

EP About this file: EP2411408

EP2411408 - SOLUBLE "HEAVY-CHAIN ONLY" ANTIBODIES [Right-click to bookmark this link]
StatusPatent maintained as amended
Status updated on  17.02.2023
Database last updated on 11.04.2026
Most recent event   Tooltip17.02.2023Patent maintained (B2 publication)published on 22.03.2023  [2023/12]
Applicant(s)For all designated states
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O.Box 1738
3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
For all designated states
Craig, Roger Kingdon
Jubilee House Farm, Spen Moss, Smallwood
Sandbach, Cheshire CW11 2XB / GB
[2023/12]
Former [2015/48]For all designated states
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O.Box 1738
3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
For all designated states
Craig, Roger Kingdon
Jubilee House Farm, Spen Moss, Smallwood
Sandbach, Cheshire CW11 2XB / GB
Former [2012/05]For all designated states
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics P.O.Box 1738
3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
For all designated states
Craig, Roger Kingdon
Jubilee House Farm, Spen Moss, Smallwood
Sandbach, Cheshire CW11 2XB / GB
Inventor(s)01 / GROSVELD, Franklin, Gerardus
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
02 / JANSSENS, Richard, Wilhelm
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
03 / DRABEK, Dubravka
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
04 / CHEN, Tao
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
05 / DE BOER, Ernie
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
06 / CRAIG, Roger, Kingdon
Jubilee House Farm, Spen Moss
Smallwood, Sandbach
Cheshire CW11 2XB / GB
 [2015/48]
Former [2012/05]01 / JANSSENS, Richard, Wilhelm
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
02 / DRABEK, Dubravka
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
03 / CHEN, Tao
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
04 / DE BOER, Ernie
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
Former [N/P]01 / JANSSENS, Richard, Wilhelm
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Department of Cell Biology and Genetics P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
02 / DRABEK, Dubravka
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Department of Cell Biology and Genetics P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
03 / CHEN, Tao
Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Department of Cell Biology and Genetics P.O. Box 1738
NL-3000 DR Rotterdam / NL
Representative(s)Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
[2023/12]
Former [2015/48]Chapman, Desmond Mark
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Former [2012/05]Bullett, Rachel Margaret
Carpmaels & Ransford One Southampton Row London
WC1B 5HA / GB
Application number, filing date10711069.419.03.2010
[2015/48]
WO2010GB00500
Priority number, dateGB2009000502324.03.2009         Original published format: GB 0905023
[2012/05]
Filing languageEN
Procedural languageEN
PublicationType: A2 Application without search report
No.:WO2010109165
Date:30.09.2010
Language:EN
[2010/39]
Type: A2 Application without search report 
No.:EP2411408
Date:01.02.2012
Language:EN
The application published by WIPO in one of the EPO official languages on 30.09.2010 takes the place of the publication of the European patent application.
[2012/05]
Type: B1 Patent specification 
No.:EP2411408
Date:25.11.2015
Language:EN
[2015/48]
Type: B2 New European patent specification 
No.:EP2411408
Date:22.03.2023
Language:EN
[2023/12]
Search report(s)International search report - published on:EP24.02.2011
ClassificationIPC:C07K16/00, C07K16/10, C07K16/12, C07K16/28
[2012/05]
CPC:
A61P9/00 (EP); C07K16/28 (KR); C07K16/46 (US);
A01K67/027 (KR); A61P31/00 (EP); A61P35/00 (EP);
C07K16/00 (EP,US); C07K16/108 (EP,US); C07K16/1271 (EP,US);
C07K16/2896 (EP,US); C12N15/11 (KR); C12N15/8509 (US);
A01K2267/01 (EP,US); C07K2317/21 (EP,US); C07K2317/22 (EP,US);
C07K2317/24 (EP,US); C07K2317/565 (EP,US); C07K2317/567 (EP,US);
C07K2317/569 (EP,US); C07K2317/92 (EP,US) (-)
Designated contracting statesAT,   BE,   BG,   CH,   CY,   CZ,   DE,   DK,   EE,   ES,   FI,   FR,   GB,   GR,   HR,   HU,   IE,   IS,   IT,   LI,   LT,   LU,   LV,   MC,   MK,   MT,   NL,   NO,   PL,   PT,   RO,   SE,   SI,   SK,   SM,   TR [2012/05]
TitleGerman:LÖSLICHE ANTIKÖRPER, DIE NUR SCHWERE KETTEN ENTHALTEN[2012/05]
English:SOLUBLE "HEAVY-CHAIN ONLY" ANTIBODIES[2012/05]
French:ANTICORPS SOLUBLES NE CONTENANT QUE DES CHAÎNES LOURDES[2015/29]
Former [2012/05]MOLÉCULES DE LIAISON
Entry into regional phase24.10.2011National basic fee paid 
24.10.2011Designation fee(s) paid 
24.10.2011Examination fee paid 
Examination procedure24.10.2011Examination requested  [2012/05]
14.05.2012Amendment by applicant (claims and/or description)
23.07.2012Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M06)
24.01.2013Reply to a communication from the examining division
22.03.2013Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M04)
01.08.2013Reply to a communication from the examining division
25.10.2013Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M02)
06.01.2014Reply to a communication from the examining division
09.07.2014Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M04)
18.11.2014Reply to a communication from the examining division
17.06.2015Communication of intention to grant the patent
01.07.2015Observations by third parties
13.07.2015Disapproval of the communication of intention to grant the patent by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the EPO
17.07.2015Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M04)
07.08.2015Reply to a communication from the examining division
08.10.2015Communication of intention to grant the patent
09.10.2015Fee for grant paid
09.10.2015Fee for publishing/printing paid
09.10.2015Receipt of the translation of the claim(s)
Divisional application(s)The date of the Examining Division's first communication in respect of the earliest application for which a communication has been issued is  23.07.2012
Opposition(s)Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016  29.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
J A Kemp LLP
80 Turnmill Street
London EC1M 5QU / GB
 02  25.08.2016  30.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Ablynx N.V.
Technologiepark 21
9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde / BE
Opponent's representative
Hoffmann Eitle
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte PartmbB
Arabellastraße 30
81925 München / DE
 03  24.08.2016  01.09.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte, Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
 [N/P]
Former [2020/10]
Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016  29.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
J A Kemp LLP
14 South Square
Gray's Inn
London WC1R 5JJ / GB
 02  25.08.2016  30.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Ablynx N.V.
Technologiepark 21
9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde / BE
Opponent's representative
Hoffmann Eitle
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte PartmbB
Arabellastraße 30
81925 München / DE
 03  24.08.2016  01.09.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte, Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Former [2020/03]
Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016  29.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
J A Kemp LLP
14 South Square
Gray's Inn
London WC1R 5JJ / GB
 02  25.08.2016  30.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Ablynx N.V.
Technologiepark 21
9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde / BE
Opponent's representative
Sanofi
54, rue La Boétie
75008 Paris / FR
 03  24.08.2016  01.09.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte, Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Former [2019/14]
Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016  29.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
J A Kemp
14 South Square
Gray's Inn
London WC1R 5JJ / GB
 02  25.08.2016  30.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Ablynx N.V.
Technologiepark 21
9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde / BE
Opponent's representative
Hoffmann Eitle
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte PartmbB
Arabellastraße 30
81925 München / DE
 03  24.08.2016  01.09.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte, Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Former [2017/32]
Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016  29.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
J A Kemp
14 South Square
Gray's Inn
London WC1R 5JJ / GB
 02  25.08.2016  30.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Ablynx N.V.
Technologiepark 21
9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde / BE
Opponent's representative
Vlassak, Katrien, et al, et al
Ablynx NV
Technologiepark 21
9052 Zwijnaarde / BE
 03  24.08.2016  01.09.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte, Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Former [2016/40]
Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016  29.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
Nicholls, James Ronald
J A Kemp
14 South Square
Gray's Inn
London WC1R 5JJ / GB
 02  25.08.2016  30.08.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Ablynx N.V.
Technologiepark 21
9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde / BE
Opponent's representative
Vlassak, Katrien, et al, et al
Ablynx NV
Technologiepark 21
9052 Zwijnaarde / BE
 03  24.08.2016  01.09.2016  ADMISSIBLE
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte, Partnerschaft mbB
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Virnekäs, Bernhard
Wallinger Ricker Schlotter Tostmann
Patent- und Rechtsanwälte
Zweibrückenstrasse 5-7
80331 München / DE
Former [2016/39]
Opponent(s)01  23.08.2016   
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
777 Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown NY 10591 / US
Opponent's representative
Nicholls, James Ronald
J A Kemp
14 South Square
Gray's Inn
London WC1R 5JJ / GB
07.10.2016Invitation to proprietor to file observations on the notice of opposition
17.02.2017Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition
26.03.2019Date of oral proceedings
09.08.2019Despatch of interlocutory decision in opposition
09.08.2019Despatch of minutes of oral proceedings
07.07.2022Legal effect of interlocutory decision in opposition
02.11.2022Despatch of communication that the patent will be maintained as amended
10.02.2023Fee for printing new specification paid
Appeal following opposition09.10.2019Appeal received No.  T2775/19
18.12.2019Statement of grounds filed
07.07.2022Result of appeal procedure: appeal of the opponent was rejected
18.10.2022Despatch of the decision of the Board of Appeal
07.07.2022Date of oral proceedings
Fees paidRenewal fee
14.03.2012Renewal fee patent year 03
11.03.2013Renewal fee patent year 04
12.03.2014Renewal fee patent year 05
28.04.2015Renewal fee patent year 06
Penalty fee
Additional fee for renewal fee
31.03.201506   M06   Fee paid on   28.04.2015
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Lapses during opposition  Tooltipdeleted
[2016/27]
Former [2016/25]LV25.11.2015
Cited inInternational search[IY] WO2008035216  (UNIV ERASMUS MEDICAL CT et al.) [I] 1-24,43-46 * page 17, paragraph 3 * * examples 1-3; claims 1-23 *[Y] 25-42
 [YA] WO2006008548  (UNIV ERASMUS MEDICAL CT et al.) [Y] 25-42 * figures 14,25,26; example 1 *[A] 1-24,43-46
 [Y] WO2008151081  (OMT INC et al.) [Y] 25-42 * paragraphs [0084] , [0106] , [0107] , [0200] - [0204]; claim 27 *
 [A] WO03035694  (VLAAMS INTERUNIV INST BIOTECH et al.) [A] 1-24,43-46 * examples 1-6 *
 [XYI]   ZOU XIANGANG ET AL: "Heavy chain-only antibodies are spontaneously produced in light chain-deficient mice", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 204, no. 13, December 2007 (2007-12-01), pages 3271 - 3283, XP007914505, ISSN: 0022-1007 [X] 25-29,31,40,41 * page 3276, column r - page 3277, column rc, paragraph 16 * * page 3279, column r, paragraph 1 - page 3280, column r, paragraph 2 * * page 3281, column l, lines 20-28 * * figures 1-6 *[Y] 25-42 [I] 1-24,43-46

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071155
 [YA]   JANSSENS RICK ET AL: "Generation of heavy-chain-only antibodies in mice", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES (PNAS), NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, US LNKD- DOI:10.1073/PNAS.0601108103, vol. 103, no. 41, 10 October 2006 (2006-10-10), pages 15130 - 15135, XP002494537, ISSN: 0027-8424 [Y] 25-42 * page 15133, column r, paragraphs 4,5 *[A] 1-24,43-46

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601108103
 [A]   GERALDES PEDRO ET AL: "Immunoglobulin heavy chain and the life of memory B cells", FASEB JOURNAL, vol. 19, no. 4, Suppl. S, Part 1, March 2005 (2005-03-01), & EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2005 MEETING/35TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; SAN DIEGO, CA, USA; MARCH 31 -APRIL 06, 2005, pages A21 - A22, XP008127854, ISSN: 0892-6638 [A] 25-42 * the whole document *
 [A]   GERALDES PEDRO ET AL: "Ig heavy chain promotes mature B cell survival in the absence of light chain", JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 179, no. 3, August 2007 (2007-08-01), pages 1659 - 1668, XP007915301, ISSN: 0022-1767 [A] 25-42 * the whole document *
 [A]   NGUYEN VIET KHONG ET AL: "Heavy-chain only antibodies derived from dromedary are secreted and displayed by mouse B cells", IMMUNOLOGY, BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, OXFORD, GB LNKD- DOI:10.1046/J.1365-2567.2003.01633.X, vol. 109, no. 1, 1 May 2003 (2003-05-01), pages 93 - 101, XP002293545, ISSN: 0019-2805 [A] 25-42 * page 99, column r, paragraph 2 *

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01633.x
 [A]   RGGEMANN MARIANNE ET AL: "Heavy-chain-only antibody expression and B-cell development in the mouse", CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY, CRC PRESS, INC, XX, vol. 26, no. 5, 1 January 2006 (2006-01-01), pages 377 - 390, XP009113356, ISSN: 1040-8401 [A] 25-42 * the whole document *
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DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.1.1.27
   K. TARTE: "Gene expression profiling of plasma cells and plasmablasts: toward a better understanding of the late stages of B-cell differentiation", BLOOD, vol. 102, no. 2, 13 March 2003 (2003-03-13), pages 592 - 600, XP055085508, ISSN: 0006-4971, DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3161

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DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80541-5
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 WO2008035216
 US10250205
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   WRAMMERT ET AL.: "Rapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus", NATURE, vol. 453, no. 7195, 29 May 2008 (2008-05-29), pages 667 - 671
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   HEATHER A. MINGES WOLS: "PLASMA CELLS", ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES, 2005, pages 1 - 8
   BABCOOK J.S. ET AL.: "A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR GENERATING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FROM SINGLE, ISOLATED LYMPHOCYTES PRODUCING ANTIBODIES OF DEFINED SPECIFICITIES", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 93, no. 15, 23 July 1996 (1996-07-23), pages 7843 - 7848
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   SCHEID ET AL.: "Broad diversity of neutralizing antibodies isolated from memory B cells in HIV-infected individuals.", NATURE, vol. 458, no. 7238, 15 March 2009 (2009-03-15), pages 636 - 640
   MANZ: "MAINTENANCE OF SERUM ANTIBODY LEVELS", ANNU. REV. IMMUNOL., vol. 23, 2005, pages 367 - 386
   MCHEYZER-WILLIAMS ET AL.: "B cell memory and the long-lived plasma cell", CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, 1999, pages 172 - 179
   YEFENOF: "Preparation and analysis of antigen-specific memory B cells.", J IMMUNOL, vol. 135, no. 6, 1985, pages 3777 - 3784
   HOOGENBOOM: "Selecting and screening recombinant antibody libraries", NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 9, September 2005 (2005-09-01), pages 1105 - 1116
   PASQUOLINI ET AL.: "Hybridoma-free generation of monoclonal antibodies", PNAS, vol. 101, no. 1, 2004, pages 257 - 259
   SANDERSON: "B lymphocytes express and lose syndecan at specific stages of differentiation.", CELL REGULATION, vol. 1, no. 1, November 1989 (1989-11-01), pages 27 - 35
   ANDERSON: "New markers for murine memory B cells that define mutated and unmutated subsets", THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 204, no. 9, 3 September 2007 (2007-09-03), pages 2103 - 2114
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   MATHESON: "Light chain-deficient mice produce novel multimeric heavy-chain-only IgA by faulty class switching", INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 21, no. 8, 2009, pages 957 - 966
   LIAO ET AL.: "High-throughput isolation of immunoglobulin genes from single human B cells and expression as monoclonal antibodies", J. VIROL METHODS, vol. 158, no. 1-2, 2009, pages 171 - 179
   LANZAVECCHIA ET AL.: "Human monoclonal antibodies by immortalization of memory B cells", CURR OPIN BIOTECHNOL, vol. 18, no. 6, 2007, pages 523 - 528
   STUART G. TANGYE ET AL.: "Memory B cells: Effectors of long-lived immune responses", EUR J IMMUNOL, vol. 39, no. 8, August 2009 (2009-08-01), pages 2065 - 2075
   THOMAS DRNER ET AL.: "Antibodies and B cell memory in viral immunity", IMMUNITY, vol. 27, no. 3, September 2007 (2007-09-01), pages 384 - 392
   KARIN TARTE ET AL.: "Gene expression profiling of plasma cells and plasmablasts: toward a better understanding of the late stages of B- cell differentiation", BLOOD, vol. 102, no. 2, 15 July 2003 (2003-07-15), pages 592 - 600
   BRGGEMANN MARIANNE ET AL.: "Heavy-chain-only antibody expression and B- cell development in the mouse", CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 26, no. 5, 2006, pages 377 - 390 , 25-42
   RADBRUCH ET AL.: "Competence and competition: the challenge of becoming a long- lived plasma cell", NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 10, 2006, pages 741 - 750
   WILLIAM E PAUL: "Fundamental Immunology", 2008, ISBN: 978-0-7817-6519-0, article "Chapter 9 & 36", pages: 300-305, - 1148
   KODITUWAKKU ET AL.: "Isolation of antigen-specific B cells.", IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 81, no. 3, 2003, pages 163 - 170
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