blank Quick help
blank Maintenance news

Scheduled maintenance

Regular maintenance outages:
between 05.00 and 05.15 hrs CET (Monday to Sunday).

Other outages
Availability
Register Forum

2022.02.11

More...
blank News flashes

News flashes

New version of the European Patent Register - SPC information for Unitary Patents.

2024-03-06

More...
blank Related links

Extract from the Register of European Patents

EP About this file: EP3502252

EP3502252 - METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLING EFFICACY OF RNA SILENCING [Right-click to bookmark this link]
StatusNo opposition filed within time limit
Status updated on  09.02.2024
Database last updated on 14.06.2024
FormerThe patent has been granted
Status updated on  03.03.2023
FormerGrant of patent is intended
Status updated on  25.01.2023
FormerExamination is in progress
Status updated on  13.11.2020
FormerRequest for examination was made
Status updated on  10.01.2020
FormerThe application has been published
Status updated on  27.05.2019
Most recent event   Tooltip24.05.2024Lapse of the patent in a contracting state
New state(s): IT
published on 26.06.2024 [2024/26]
Applicant(s)For all designated states
University of Massachusetts
One Beacon Street, 26th floor
Boston, MA 02108 / US
[2019/26]
Inventor(s)01 / ZAMORE, Phillip D.
500 Green Street
Northboro, MA 01532 / US
02 / TANG, Guiliang
7010 Sandpiper Drive
Houghton, MI 49931 / US
 [2019/52]
Former [2019/26]01 / ZAMORE, Phillip D.
500 Green Street
Northboro, MA 01532 / US
02 / TANG, Guiliang
807 Franklin Street
Apartment 2
Northboro, MA 01604 / US
Representative(s)Haseltine Lake Kempner LLP
One Portwall Square
Portwall Lane
Bristol BS1 6BH / GB
[2023/14]
Former [2019/26]Haseltine Lake Kempner LLP
Redcliff Quay
120 Redcliff Street
Bristol BS1 6HU / GB
Application number, filing date18202495.002.06.2004
[2019/26]
Priority number, dateUS200347538603P02.06.2003         Original published format: US 47538603 P
[2019/26]
Filing languageEN
Procedural languageEN
PublicationType: A1 Application with search report 
No.:EP3502252
Date:26.06.2019
Language:EN
[2019/26]
Type: B1 Patent specification 
No.:EP3502252
Date:05.04.2023
Language:EN
[2023/14]
Search report(s)(Supplementary) European search report - dispatched on:EP29.03.2019
ClassificationIPC:C12N15/11, C12N9/22
[2019/26]
CPC:
C12N15/111 (EP,US); C12N15/113 (US); A61P43/00 (EP);
C12N15/8218 (EP,US); C12N15/8261 (EP,US); C12N2310/14 (EP,US);
C12N2310/335 (EP,US); C12N2320/50 (EP,US); Y02A40/146 (EP,US) (-)
Designated contracting statesAT,   BE,   BG,   CH,   CY,   CZ,   DE,   DK,   EE,   ES,   FI,   FR,   GB,   GR,   HU,   IE,   IT,   LI,   LU,   MC,   NL,   PL,   PT,   RO,   SE,   SI,   SK,   TR [2020/07]
Former [2019/26]AT,  BE,  BG,  CH,  CY,  CZ,  DE,  DK,  EE,  ES,  FI,  FR,  GB,  GR,  HU,  IE,  IT,  LI,  LU,  MC,  NL,  PL,  PT,  RO,  SE,  SI,  SK,  TR 
TitleGerman:VERFAHREN UND ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN ZUR KONTROLLE DER WIRKSAMKEIT VON RNA-SILENCING[2019/26]
English:METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLING EFFICACY OF RNA SILENCING[2019/26]
French:PROCÉDÉS ET COMPOSITIONS PERMETTANT DE CONTRÔLER L'EFFICACITÉ DU SILENÇAGE D'UN ARN[2019/26]
Examination procedure02.01.2020Amendment by applicant (claims and/or description)
02.01.2020Examination requested  [2020/07]
02.01.2020Date on which the examining division has become responsible
12.11.2020Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M06)
29.03.2021Reply to a communication from the examining division
26.09.2022Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M04)
25.10.2022Reply to a communication from the examining division
26.01.2023Communication of intention to grant the patent
22.02.2023Fee for grant paid
22.02.2023Fee for publishing/printing paid
22.02.2023Receipt of the translation of the claim(s)
Parent application(s)   TooltipEP04753864.0  / EP1633767
Opposition(s)08.01.2024No opposition filed within time limit [2024/11]
Fees paidRenewal fee
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 03
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 04
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 05
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 06
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 07
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 08
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 09
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 10
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 11
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 12
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 13
13.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 14
27.11.2018Renewal fee patent year 15
27.06.2019Renewal fee patent year 16
29.06.2020Renewal fee patent year 17
28.06.2021Renewal fee patent year 18
27.06.2022Renewal fee patent year 19
Opt-out from the exclusive  Tooltip
competence of the Unified
Patent Court
See the Register of the Unified Patent Court for opt-out data
Responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or quality of the data displayed under the link provided lies entirely with the Unified Patent Court.
Lapses during opposition  TooltipAT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
EE05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
IT05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
RO05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SI05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
IE02.06.2023
LU02.06.2023
FR05.06.2023
BE30.06.2023
CH30.06.2023
GB05.07.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
DE03.01.2024
[2024/26]
Former [2024/24]AT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
EE05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
RO05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SI05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
IE02.06.2023
LU02.06.2023
FR05.06.2023
BE30.06.2023
CH30.06.2023
GB05.07.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
DE03.01.2024
Former [2024/23]AT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
EE05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
RO05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
IE02.06.2023
LU02.06.2023
FR05.06.2023
BE30.06.2023
CH30.06.2023
GB05.07.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
DE03.01.2024
Former [2024/21]AT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
EE05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
RO05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
IE02.06.2023
LU02.06.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2024/15]AT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
EE05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
RO05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
LU02.06.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2024/10]AT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
EE05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
RO05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2024/09]AT05.04.2023
CZ05.04.2023
DK05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
MC05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2024/08]AT05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
SK05.04.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2024/03]AT05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
FI05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2023/50]AT05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PL05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
GR06.07.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2023/48]AT05.04.2023
ES05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
SE05.04.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2023/46]ES05.04.2023
NL05.04.2023
PT07.08.2023
Former [2023/43]NL05.04.2023
Documents cited:Search[A]WO0175164  (WHITEHEAD BIOMEDICAL INST [US], et al) [A] 1-15 * abstract * * page 45 - page 46 *;
 [XP]WO2004027030  (ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC [US], et al) [XP] 1,2,4,8-11,14,15 * [0025], [0051], [0083] ** claim 26 *;
 [A]  - SAYDA M ELBASHIR ET AL, "Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate", EMBO (EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ORGANIZATION) JOURNAL, WILEY, DE, vol. 20, no. 23, doi:10.1093/EMBOJ/20.23.6877, ISSN 0261-4189, (20011203), pages 6877 - 6888, URL: http://emboj.embopress.org/content/20/23/6877, (20011203), XP002304126 [A] 1-15 * the whole document *

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.23.6877
 [AD]  - REINHART B J ET AL, "MicroRNAs in plants", GENES AND DEVELOPMENT, COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS, PLAINVIEW, NY, US, (20020701), vol. 16, no. 13, ISSN 0890-9369, pages 1616 - 1626, XP002300176 [AD] 1-15 * table 1 *

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1004402
 [AD]  - RHOADES MATTHEW W ET AL, "Prediction of plant microRNA targets", CELL, CELL PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, NA, US, (20020823), vol. 110, no. 4, ISSN 0092-8674, pages 513 - 520, XP002295225 [AD] 1-15 * table 1 *

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00863-2
 [AD]  - MCCONNELL JANE R ET AL, "Role of PHABULOSA and PHAVOLUTA in determining radial patterning in shoots", NATURE (LONDON), (20010607), vol. 411, no. 6838, ISSN 0028-0836, pages 709 - 713, XP002406216 [AD] 1-15 * the whole document *

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35079635
by applicantEP0043075
 US4522811
 WO8902468
 WO8905345
 WO8907136
 US4868116
 US4980286
 WO9106309
 US5070020
 WO9207573
 US5175383
 US5175385
 US5175384
 US5204253
 US5223409
 US5252726
 WO9707668
 WO9707669
 US5684143
 JPH1047381
 US5858988
 US6013863
 US6291438
    - HERDEWIJN, Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., (20000800), vol. 10, no. 4, pages 297 - 310
    - ECKSTEIN, Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., (20000400), vol. 10, no. 2, pages 117 - 21
    - RUSCKOWSKI et al., Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., (20001000), vol. 10, no. 5, pages 333 - 45
    - STEIN, Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., (20011000), vol. 11, no. 5, pages 317 - 25
    - VOROBJEV et al., Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., (20010400), vol. 11, no. 2, pages 77 - 85
    - KARLIN; ALTSCHUL, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19900000), vol. 87, pages 2264 - 68
    - KARLIN; ALTSCHUL, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19930000), vol. 90, pages 5873 - 77
    - ALTSCHUL et al., J. Mol. Biol., (19900000), vol. 215, pages 403 - 10
    - ALTSCHUL et al., Nucleic Acids Res., (19970000), vol. 25, no. 17, pages 3389 - 3402
    - VERMA; ECKSTEIN, Annul Rev. Biochem., (19980000), vol. 67, pages 99 - 134
    - MILLIGAN; UHLENBECK, Methods Enzymol., (19890000), vol. 180, pages 51 - 62
    - LASKO et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19920000), vol. 89, page 6232
    - PINKERT et al., Genes Dev., (19870000), vol. 1, page 268276
    - LEE, J. Biol. Chem., (19900000), vol. 265, pages 10446 - 50
    - LEE et al., J. Biol. Chem., (19920000), vol. 267, pages 15875 - 85
    - BUCCHINI et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19860000), vol. 83, pages 2511 - 2515
    - OLIGVY et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19990000), vol. 96, pages 14943 - 14948
    - MORELLO et al., EMBO J., (19860000), vol. 5, pages 1877 - 1882
    - DOCHERTY et al., FASEB J., (19940000), vol. 8, pages 20 - 24
    - MILLS, Genes Devel., (20010000), vol. 15, pages 1461 - 1467
    - BERNOIST, Nature, (19810000), vol. 290, page 304
    - YAMAMOTO et al., Cell, (19880000), vol. 22, pages 787 - 797
    - WAGNER et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19810000), vol. 78, page 1441
    - BRINSTER et al., Nature, (19880000), vol. 296, page 39
    - EICHELBAUM, M. et al., Clin. Exp. Phannacol. Physiol., (19960000), vol. 23, no. 10-11, pages 983 - 985
    - LINDER, M.W. et al., CUn. Chem., (19970000), vol. 43, no. 2, pages 254 - 266
    - WAGNER et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19810000), vol. 78, page 5016
    - BRINSTER et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19850000), vol. 82, page 4438
    - HAMMER et al., Nature, (19850000), vol. 315, page 680
    - MURRAY et al., Reprod. Fert. Devi., (19890000), vol. 1, page 147
    - PURSEL et al., Vet. hnmunol. Histopath., (19870000), vol. 17, page 303
    - REXROAD et al., J. Reprod. Fert., (19900000), vol. 41, page 1 19
    - REXROAD et al., Molec. Reprod. Devl., (19890000), vol. 1, page 164
    - SIMONS et al., BioTechnology, (19880000), vol. 6, page 179
    - VIZE et al., J. Cell. Sci., (19880000), vol. 90, page 295
    - WAGNER, J. Cell. Biochem., (19890000), vol. 13B, page 164
    - THOMAS et al., Cell, (19870000), vol. 51, page 503
    - CAPECCHI, Science, (19890000), vol. 244, page 1288
    - JOYNER et al., Nature, (19890000), vol. 338, page 153
    - EVANS et al., Nature, (19810000), vol. 292, pages 154 - 156
    - GASSMANN et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19950000), vol. 92, page 1292
    - VALERIO et al., Gene, (19890000), vol. 84, page 419
    - SCHARFINAN et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19910000), vol. 88, page 462
    - MILLER; BUTTIMORE, Mol. Cell. Biol., (19860000), vol. 6, page 2895
    - FREIDMAN et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., (19860000), vol. 6, page 3791
    - LEVRERO et al., Gene, (19910000), vol. 101, page 195
    - FINK et al., Human Gene Therapy, (19920000), vol. 3, page 11
    - MILLER, Blood, (19900000), vol. 76, page 271
    - EGLITIS et al., Science, (19850000), vol. 230, pages 1395 - 1398
    - DANOS; MULLIGAN, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19880000), vol. 85, pages 6460 - 6464
    - WILSON et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19880000), vol. 85, pages 3014 - 3018
    - ARMENTANO et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19900000), vol. 87, page 61416145
    - HUBER et al., Proc. NatI. Acad. Sci. USA, (19910000), vol. 88, pages 8039 - 8043
    - FERRY et al., Proc. NatI. Acad. Sci. USA, (19910000), vol. 88, pages 8377 - 8381
    - CHOWDHURY et al., Science, (19910000), vol. 254, pages 1802 - 1805
    - VAN BEUSECHEM et al., Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA, (19920000), vol. 89, pages 7640 - 19
    - KAY et al., Human Gene Therapy, (19920000), vol. 3, pages 641 - 647
    - DAI et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19920000), vol. 89, pages 10892 - 10895
    - HWU et al., J. Immunol., (19930000), vol. 150, pages 4104 - 4115
    - COMETTE et al., Human Gene Therapy, (19910000), vol. 2, pages 5 - 10
    - CONE et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19840000), vol. 81, page 6349
    - HSU et al., J. Infectious Disease, (19920000), vol. 166, page 769
    - BERKNER et al., BioTechniques, (19880000), vol. 6, page 616
    - ROSENFELD et al., Science, (19910000), vol. 252, pages 431 - 434
    - ROSENFELD et al., Cell, (19920000), vol. 68, pages 143 - 155
    - HAJ-AHMAND; GRAHAM, J. Virol., (19860000), vol. 57, page 267
    - MUZYCZKA et al., Curr. Topics in Micro.and Immunol., (19920000), vol. 158, pages 97 - 129
    - FLOTTE et al., Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol., (19920000), vol. 7, pages 349 - 356
    - SAMULSKI et al., J. Virol., (19890000), vol. 63, pages 3822 - 3828
    - MCLAUGHLIN et al., J. Virol., (19890000), vol. 62, pages 1963 - 1973
    - TRATSCHIN et al., MoL Cell. Biol., (19850000), vol. 5, pages 3251 - 3260
    - HENNONAT et al., Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA, (19840000), vol. 8 1, page 64666470
    - TRATSCHIN et al., Mol. Cell. BioL, (19850000), vol. 4, pages 2072 - 2081
    - WONDISFORD et al., MoL EndocrinoL, (19880000), vol. 2, pages 32 - 39
    - TRATSCHIN et al., J ViroL, (19840000), vol. 51, pages 611 - 619
    - FLOTTE et al., J BioL Chem., (19930000), vol. 268, pages 3781 - 3790
    - MEULI et al., J Invest. DerinatoL, (20010000), vol. 116, no. l, pages 131 - 135
    - COHEN et al., Gene Ther., (20000000), vol. 7, no. 22, pages 1896 - 905
    - TAM et al., Gene Ther., (20000000), vol. 7, no. 21, page 186774
    - MIZUNO et al., No Shinkei Geka, (19920000), vol. 20, pages 547 - 55 1
    - WILMUT et al., Nature, (19970000), vol. 385, pages 810 - 813
    - GORDON, IwL Rev. CytoL, (19890000), vol. 1 1 5, pages 171 - 229
    - KRIMPENFORT et al., BiolTechnology, (19910000), vol. 9, page 86
    - PALMITER et al., Cell, (19850000), vol. 41, page 343
    - PURCEL et al., Science, (19860000), vol. 244, page 1281
    - LAM, K.S., Anticancer Drug Des., (19970000), vol. 12, page 145
    - DEWITT et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., (19930000), vol. 90, page 6909
    - ERB et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, (19940000), vol. 91, page 11422
    - ZUCKERMANN et al., J. Med. Chem., (19940000), vol. 37, page 2678
    - CHO et al., Science, (19930000), vol. 261, page 1303
    - CARRELL et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., (19940000), vol. 33, page 2059
    - CARELL et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., (19940000), vol. 33, page 2061
    - GALLOP et al., J. Med. Chem., (19940000), vol. 37, page 1233
    - HOUGHTEN, Biotechniques, (19920000), vol. 13, pages 412 - 421
    - LAM, Nature, (19910000), vol. 354, pages 82 - 84
    - FODOR, Nature, (19930000), vol. 364, pages 555 - 556
    - CULL et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, (19920000), vol. 89, pages 1865 - 1869
    - SCOTT; SMITH, Science, (19900000), vol. 249, pages 386 - 390
    - DEVLIN, Science, (19900000), vol. 249, pages 404 - 406
    - CWIRLA et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (19900000), vol. 87, pages 6378 - 6382
    - FELICI, J. Mol. Biol., (19910000), vol. 222, pages 301 - 310
    - BECLIN, C.; BOUTET, S.; WATERHOUSE, P.; VAUCHERET, H., "A branched pathway for transgene-induced RNA silencing in plants", Curr. Biol., (20020000), vol. 12, doi:doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00792-3, pages 684 - 688, XP027510192

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00792-3
    - BERNSTEIN, E.; CAUDY, A.A.; HAMMOND, S.M.; HANNON, G.J., "Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference", Nature, (20010000), vol. 409, doi:doi:10.1038/35053110, pages 363 - 366, XP002183119

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35053110
    - BILLY, E.; BRONDANI, V.; ZHANG, H.; MULLER, U.; FILIPOWICZ, W., "Specific interference with gene expression induced by long, double-stranded RNA in mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma cell lines", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (20010000), vol. 98, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.261562698, pages 14428 - 14433, XP002198114

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261562698
    - CELOTTO, A.M.; GRAVELEY, B.R., "Exon-specific RNAi: A tool for dissecting the functional relevance of alternative splicing", RNA, (20020000), vol. 8, pages 8 - 24
    - CHIU, Y.-L.; RANA, T.M., "RNAi in human cells: Basic structural and functional features of small interfering", RNA. Mol. Cell, (20020000), vol. 10, doi:doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00652-4, pages 549 - 561, XP002294028

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00652-4
    - COGONI, C.; MACINO, G., "Gene silencing in Neurospora crassa requires a protein homologous to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase", Nature, (19990000), vol. 399, doi:doi:10.1038/20215, pages 166 - 169, XP002278530

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/20215
    - DALMAY, T.; HAMILTON, A.; RUDD, S.; ANGELL, S.; BAULCOMBE, D.C., "An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in Arabidopsis is required for posttranscriptional gene silencing mediated by a transgene but not by a virus", Cell, (20000000), vol. 101, pages 543 - 553, XP055132004
    - DJIKENG, A.; SHI, H.; TSCHUDI, C.; ULLU, E., "RNA interference in Trypanosoma brucei: Cloning of small interfering RNAs provides evidence for retroposon-derived 24-26-nucleotide RNAs", RNA, (20010000), vol. 7, pages 1522 - 1530, XP055154913
    - ELBASHIR, S.M.; HARBORTH, J.; LENDECKEL, W.; YALCIN, A.; WEBER, K.; TUSCHL, T., "Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in mammalian cell culture", Nature, (20010000), vol. 411, pages 494 - 498
    - ELBASHIR, S.M.; LENDECKEL, W.; TUSCHL, T., "RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs", Genes & Dev., (20010000), vol. 15, doi:doi:10.1101/gad.862301, pages 188 - 200, XP002206453

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.862301
    - ELBASHIR, S.M.; MARTINEZ, J.; PATKANIOWSKA, A.; LENDECKEL, W.; TUSCHL, T., "Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate", EMBO J., (20010000), vol. 20, doi:doi:10.1093/emboj/20.23.6877, pages 6877 - 6888, XP002304126

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.23.6877
    - ERICKSON, A.H.; BLOBEL, G., "Cell-free translation of messenger RNA in a wheat germ system", Methods Enzymol., (19830000), vol. 96, doi:doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(83)96007-X, pages 38 - 50, XP008071019

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(83)96007-X
    - FAGARD, M.; BOUTET, S.; MOREL, J.-B.; BELLINI, C.; VAUCHERET, H., "AGOl, QDE-2, and RDE-1 are related proteins required for post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants, quelling in fungi, and RNA interference in animals", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (20000000), vol. 97, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.200217597, pages 11650 - 11654, XP002223351

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.200217597
    - GRISHOK, A.; PASQUINELLI, A.E.; CONTE, D.; LI, N.; PARRISH, S.; HA, I.; BAILLIE, D.L.; FIRE, A.; RUVKUN, G.; MELLO, C.C., "Genes and mechanisms related to RNA interference regulate expression of the small temporal RNAs that control C. elegans developmental timing", Cell, (20010000), vol. 106, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00431-7, pages 23 - 34, XP055000209

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00431-7
    - HAMILTON, A.J.; BAULCOMBE, D.C., "A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants", Science, (19990000), vol. 286, doi:doi:10.1126/science.286.5441.950, pages 950 - 952, XP002189060

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5441.950
    - HAMILTON, A.; VOINNET, O.; CHAPPELL, L.; BAULCOMBE, D., "Two classes of short interfering RNA in RNA silencing", EMBO J., (20020000), vol. 21, doi:doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf464, pages 4671 - 4679, XP002978798

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf464
    - HAMMOND, S.M.; BERNSTEIN, E.; BEACH, D.; HANNON, G.J., "An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells", Nature, (20000000), vol. 404, doi:doi:10.1038/35005107, pages 293 - 296, XP002183123

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35005107
    - HAMMOND, S.M.; BOETTCHER, S.; CAUDY, A.A.; KOBAYASHI, R.; HANNON, G.J., "Argonaute2, a link between genetic and biochemical analyses of RNAi", Science, (20010000), vol. 293, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1064023, pages 1146 - 1150, XP002183120

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064023
    - HAN, Y.; GRIERSON, D., "Relationship between small antisense RNAs and aberrant RNAs associated with sense transgene mediated gene silencing in tomato", Plant J., (20020000), vol. 29, doi:doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01236.x, pages 509 - 519, XP002978796

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01236.x
    - HANNON, G.J., "RNA interference", Nature, (20020000), vol. 418, doi:doi:10.1038/418244a, pages 244 - 251, XP002979088

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/418244a
    - HOLEN, T.; AMARZGUIOUI, M.; WIIGER, M.T.; BABAIE, E.; PRYDZ, H., "Positional effects of short interfering RNAs targeting the human coagulation trigger Tissue Factor", Nucleic Acids Res., (20020000), vol. 30, pages 1757 - 1766
    - HUTVAGNER, G.; ZAMORE, P.D., "A microRNA in a multiple-turnover RNAi enzyme complex", Science, (20020000), vol. 297, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1073827, pages 2056 - 2060, XP002351918

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1073827
    - HUTVAGNER, G.; MCLACHLAN, J.; PASQUINELLI, A.E.; BALINT, E.; TUSCHL, T.; ZAMORE, P.D., "A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA", Science, (20010000), vol. 293, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1062961, pages 834 - 838, XP002204649

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1062961
    - JACOBSEN, S.E.; RUNNING, M.P.; MEYEROWITZ, E.M., "Disruption of an RNA helicase/RNase III gene in Arabidopsis causes unregulated cell division in floral meristems", Development, (19990000), vol. 126, pages 5231 - 5243, XP002232718
    - KENNERDELL, J.R.; YAMAGUCHI, S.; CARTHEW, R.W., "RNAi is activated during Drosophila oocyte maturation in a manner dependent on aubergine and spindle-E", Genes & Dev., (20020000), vol. 16, doi:doi:10.1101/gad.990802, pages 1884 - 1889, XP002992228

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.990802
    - KETTING, R.F.; FISCHER, S.E.; BERNSTEIN, E.; SIJEN, T.; HANNON, G.J.; PLASTERK, R.H., "Dicer functions in RNA interference and in synthesis of small RNA involved in developmental timing in C. elegans", Genes & Dev., (20010000), vol. 15, doi:doi:10.1101/gad.927801, pages 2654 - 2659, XP002961096

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.927801
    - KLAHRE, U.; CRETE, P.; LEUENBERGER, S.A.; IGLESIAS, V.A.; MEINS, F., JR., "High molecular weight RNAs and small interfering RNAs induce systemic posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (20020000), vol. 99, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.182204199, pages 11981 - 11986, XP002248496

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.182204199
    - KOOTER, J.M.; MATZKE, M.A.; MEYER, P., "Listening to the silent genes: Transgene silencing, gene regulation and pathogen control", Trends Plant Sci, (19990000), vol. 4, doi:doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01467-3, pages 340 - 347, XP002202748

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01467-3
    - LAGOS-QUINTANA, M.; RAUHUT, R.; LENDECKEL, W.; TUSCHL, T., "Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs", Science, (20010000), vol. 294, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1064921, pages 853 - 858, XP002971837

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064921
    - LAGOS-QUINTANA, M.; RAUHUT, R.; YALCIN, A.; MEYER, J.; LENDECKEL, W.; TUSCHL, T., "Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse", Curr. Biol., (20020000), vol. 12, doi:doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00809-6, pages 735 - 739, XP026073748

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00809-6
    - LAU, N.C.; LIM, L.P.; WEINSTEIN, E.G.; BARTEL, D.P., "An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans", Science, (20010000), vol. 294, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1065062, pages 858 - 862, XP002284276

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1065062
    - LEE, R.C.; AMBROS, V., "An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans", Science, (20010000), vol. 294, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1065329, pages 862 - 864, XP002284273

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1065329
    - LEE, R.C.; FEINBAUM, R.C.; AMBROS, V., "The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14", Cell, (19930000), vol. 75, doi:doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y, pages 843 - 854, XP024246130

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y
    - LEE, Y.; JEON, K.; LEE, J.T.; KIM, S.; KIM, V.N., "MicroRNA maturation: Stepwise processing and subcellular localization", EMBO J., (20020000), vol. 21, doi:doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf476, pages 4663 - 4670, XP002978692

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf476
    - LI, W.X.; DING, S.W., "Viral suppressors of RNA silencing", Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., (20010000), vol. 12, pages 150 - 154
    - LIPARDI, C.; WEI, Q.; PATERSON, B.M., "RNAi as random degradative PCR. siRNA primers convert mRNA into dsRNAs that are degraded to generate new siRNAs", Cell, (20010000), vol. 107, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00537-2, pages 297 - 307, XP002977883

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00537-2
    - LLAVE, C.; KASSCHAU, K.D.; RECTOR, M.A.; CARRINGTON, J.C., "Endogenous and silencing-associated small RNAs in plants", Plant Cell, (20020000), vol. 14, pages 1605 - 1619
    - LLAVE, C.; XIE, Z.; KASSCHAU, K.D.; CARRINGTON, J.C., "Cleavage of Scarecrow-Like mRNA targets directed by a class of Arabidopsis miRNA", Science, (20020000), vol. 297, pages 2053 - 2056
    - MALLORY, A.C.; REINHART, B.J.; BARTEL, D.; VANCE, V.B.; BOWMAN, L.H., "A viral suppressor of RNA silencing differentially regulates the accumulation of short interfering RNAs and micro-RNAs in tobacco", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (20020000), vol. 99, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.232434999, pages 15228 - 15233, XP002978690

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232434999
    - MARTENS, H.; NOVOTNY, J.; OBERSTRASS, J.; STECK, T.L.; POSTLETHWAIT, P.; NELLEN, W., "RNAi in Dictyostelium: The role ofRNA-directed RNA polymerases and double-stranded RNase", Mol. Biol. Cell, (20020000), vol. 13, pages 445 - 453
    - MARTINEZ, J.; PATKANIOWSKA, A.; URLAUB, H.; LUHRMANN, R.; TUSCHL, T., "Single-stranded antisense siRNAs guide target RNA cleavage in RNAi", Cell, (20020000), vol. 110, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00908-X, page 563, XP002281436

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00908-X
    - MARTINEZ, L.A.; NAGUIBNEVA, I.; LEHRMANN, H.; VERVISCH, A.; TCHENIO, T.; LOZANO, G.; HAREL-BELLAN, A., "Synthetic small inhibiting RNAs: Efficient tools to inactivate oncogenic mutations and restore p53 pathways", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (20020000), vol. 99, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.222406899, pages 14849 - 14854, XP002225999

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222406899
    - MATZKE, M.A.; MATZKE, A.J.; PRUSS, G.J.; VANCE, V.B., "RNA-based silencing strategies in plants", Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., (20010000), vol. 11, doi:doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00183-0, pages 221 - 227, XP002242010

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00183-0
    - MCCONNELL, J.R.; BARTON, M.K., "Leaf polarity and meristem formation in Arabidopsis", Development, (19980000), vol. 125, pages 2935 - 2942
    - MCCONNELL, J.R.; EMERY, J.; ESHED, Y.; BAO, N.; BOWMAN, J.; BARTON, M.K., "Role of PHABULOSA and PHAVOLUTA in determining radial patterning in shoots", Nature, (20010000), vol. 411, doi:doi:10.1038/35079635, pages 709 - 713, XP002406216

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35079635
    - MOURELATOS, Z.; DOSTIE, J.; PAUSHKIN, S.; SHARMA, A.K.; CHARROUX, B.; ABEL, L.; RAPPSILBER, J.; MANN, M.; DREYFUSS, G., "miRNPs: A novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous microRNAs", Genes & Dev., (20020000), vol. 16, doi:doi:10.1101/gad.974702, pages 720 - 728, XP002619532

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.974702
    - MOURRAIN, P.; BECLIN, C.; ELMAYAN, T.; FEUERBACH, F.; GODON, C.; MOREL, J.B.; JOUETTE, D.; LACOMBE, A.M.; NIKIC, S.; PICAULT, N. e, "Arabidopsis SGS2 and SGS3 genes are required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and natural virus resistance", Cell, (20000000), vol. 101, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80863-6, pages 533 - 542, XP002149066

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80863-6
    - NYKANEN, A.; HALEY, B.; ZAMORE, P.D., "ATP requirements and small interfering RNA structure in the RNA interference pathway", Cell, (20010000), vol. 107, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00547-5, pages 309 - 321, XP055098137

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00547-5
    - PAL-BHADRA, M.; BHADRA, U.; BIRCHLER, J.A., "RNAi related mechanisms , affect both transcriptional and posttranscriptional transgene silencing in Drosophila", Mol. Cell, (20020000), vol. 9, pages 315 - 327
    - PARK, W.; LI, J.; SONG, R.; MESSING, J.; CHEN, X., "CARPEL FACTORY, a Dicer homolog, and HEN1, a novel protein, act in microRNA metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana", Curr. Biol., (20020000), vol. 12, doi:doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01017-5, pages 1484 - 1495, XP002323690

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01017-5
    - PARRISH, S.; FIRE, A., "Distinct roles for RDE-1 and RDE-4 during RNA interference in Caenorhabditis elegans", RNA, (20010000), vol. 7, pages 1397 - 1402
    - PARRISH, S.; FLEENOR, J.; XU, S.; MELLO, C.; FIRE, A., "Functional anatomy of a dsRNA trigger. Differential requirement for the two trigger strands in RNA interference", Mol. Cell, (20000000), vol. 6, doi:doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00106-4, pages 1077 - 1087, XP002226298

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00106-4
    - PASQUINELLI, A.E.; REINHART, B.J.; SLACK, F.; MARTINDALE, M.Q.; KURODA, M.I.; MALLER, B.; HAYWARD, D.C.; BALL, E.E.; DEGNAN, B.; M, "Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA", Nature, (20000000), vol. 408, doi:doi:10.1038/35040556, pages 86 - 89, XP002232888

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35040556
    - PLASTERK, R.H., "RNA silencing: The genome's immune system", Science, (20020000), vol. 296, pages 1263 - 1265
    - REINHART, B.J.; SLACK, F.J.; BASSON, M.; PASQUINELLI, A.E.; BETTINGER, J.C.; ROUGVIE, A.E.; HORVITZ, H.R.; RUVKUN, G., "The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans", Nature, (20000000), vol. 403, doi:doi:10.1038/35002607, pages 901 - 906, XP002229063

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002607
    - REINHART, B.J.; WEINSTEIN, E.G.; RHOADES, M.W.; BARTEL, B.; BARTEL, D.P., "MicroRNAs in plants", Genes & Dev., (20020000), vol. 16, doi:doi:10.1101/gad.1004402, pages 1616 - 1626, XP002300176

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1004402
    - RHOADES, M.W.; REINHART, B.J.; LIM, L.P.; BURGE, C.B.; BARTEL, B.; BARTEL, D.P., "Prediction of plant microRNA targets", Cell, (20020000), vol. 110, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00863-2, pages 513 - 520, XP002295225

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00863-2
    - ROBERTS, B.E.; PATERSON, B.M., "Efficient translation of tobacco mosaic virus RNA and rabbit globin 9S RNA in a cell-free system from commercial wheat germ", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (19730000), vol. 70, pages 2330 - 2334
    - RUVKUN, G., "Molecular biology. Glimpses of a tiny RNA world", Science, (20010000), vol. 294, pages 797 - 799
    - SCHIEBEL, W.; PELISSIER, T.; RIEDEL, L.; THALMEIR, S.; SCHIEBEL, R.; KEMPE, D.; LOTTSPEICH, F.; SANGER, H.L.; WASSENEGGER, M., "Isolation of an RNA-directed RNA polymerase-specific cDNA clone from tomato", Plant Cell, (19980000), vol. 10, doi:doi:10.1105/tpc.10.12.2087, pages 2087 - 2101, XP002145533

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.10.12.2087
    - SCHWARZ, D.S.; HUTVAGNER, G.; HALEY, B.; ZAMORE, P.D., "Evidence that siRNAs function as guides, not primers, in the Drosophila and human RNAi pathways", Mol. Cell, (20020000), vol. 10, doi:doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00651-2, pages 537 - 548, XP002281437

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00651-2
    - SIJEN, T.; FLEENOR, J.; SIMMER, F.; THIJSSEN, K.L.; PARRISH, S.; TIMMONS, L.; PLASTERK, R.H.; FIRE, A., "On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA-triggered gene silencing", Cell, (20010000), vol. 107, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00576-1, pages 465 - 476, XP002978508

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00576-1
    - SMARDON, A.; SPOERKE, J.; STACEY, S.; KLEIN, M.; MACKIN, N.; MAINE, E., "EGO-1 is related to RNA-directed RNA polymerase and functions in germ-line development and RNA interference in C. elegans", Curr. Biol., (20000000), vol. 10, doi:doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00323-7, pages 169 - 178, XP002978505

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00323-7
    - TABARA, H.; SARKISSIAN, M.; KELLY, W.G.; FLEENOR, J.; GRISHOK, A.; TIMMONS, L.; FIRE, A.; MELLO, C.C., "The rde-1 gene, RNA interference, and transposon silencing in C. elegans", Cell, (19990000), vol. 99, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81644-X, pages 123 - 132, XP002938527

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81644-X
    - TIJSTERMAN, M.; KETTING, R.F.; OKIHARA, K.L.; SIJEN, T.; PLASTERK, RH., "RNA helicase MUT-14-dependent gene silencing triggered in C. elegans by short antisense RNAs", Science, (20020000), vol. 295, doi:doi:10.1126/science.1067534, pages 694 - 697, XP002257818

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1067534
    - TUSCHL, T.; ZAMORE, P.D.; LEHMANN, R.; BARTEL, D.P.; SHARP, P.A., "Targeted mRNA degradation by double-stranded RNA in vitro", Genes & Dev., (19990000), vol. 13, doi:doi:10.1101/gad.13.24.3191, pages 3191 - 3197, XP002183118

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.13.24.3191
    - VAISTIJ, F.E.; JONES, L.; BAULCOMBE, D.C., "Spreading of RNA targeting and DNA methylation in RNA silencing requires transcription of the target gene and a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase", Plant Cell, (20020000), vol. 14, pages 857 - 867
    - VAUCHERET, H.; BECLIN, C.; FAGARD, M., "Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants", J. Cell Sci., (20010000), vol. 114, pages 3083 - 3091, XP002972352
    - WATERHOUSE, P.M.; WANG, M.B.; LOUGH, T., "Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses", Nature, (20010000), vol. 411, doi:doi:10.1038/35081168, pages 834 - 842, XP002378460

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35081168
    - WILLIAMS, R.W.; RUBIN, G.M., "ARGONAUTE1 is required for efficient RNA interference in Drosophila embryos", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (20020000), vol. 99, doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.072190799, pages 6889 - 6894, XP055400757

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.072190799
    - ZAMORE, P.D.; TUSCHL, T.; SHARP, P.A.; BARTEL, D.P., "RNAi: Double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals", Cell, (20000000), vol. 101, doi:doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80620-0, pages 25 - 33, XP002208683

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80620-0
The EPO accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of data originating from other authorities; in particular, it does not guarantee that it is complete, up to date or fit for specific purposes.