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EP About this file: EP2988750

EP2988750 - USE OF LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN THE LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF TACHYARRHYTHMIAS [Right-click to bookmark this link]
StatusPatent maintained as amended
Status updated on  25.04.2025
Database last updated on 09.04.2026
FormerThe patent has been granted
Status updated on  17.12.2021
FormerGrant of patent is intended
Status updated on  02.11.2021
FormerExamination is in progress
Status updated on  30.03.2018
Most recent event   Tooltip15.08.2025Correction of patent specificationpublished on 17.09.2025  [2025/38]
Applicant(s)For all designated states
AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals GmbH
Leopold-Ungar-Platz 2
1190 Vienna / AT
[2021/52]
Former [2016/09]For all designated states
AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG
Wilhelminenstrasse 91/II f
1160 Wien / AT
Inventor(s)01 / KRUMPL, Günther
Postgasse 11/22
1010 Vienna / AT
 [2016/09]
Representative(s)Loidl, Manuela Bettina, et al
Redl Life Science Patents OG
Donau-City-Straße 11
1220 Wien / AT
[2025/22]
Former [2016/09]Loidl, Manuela Bettina, et al
REDL Life Science Patent Attorneys
Donau-City-Straße 11
1220 Wien / AT
Application number, filing date14720107.325.04.2014
[2016/09]
WO2014EP58456
Priority number, dateEP2013016558226.04.2013         Original published format: EP 13165582
[2016/09]
Filing languageEN
Procedural languageEN
PublicationType: A1 Application with search report
No.:WO2014174076
Date:30.10.2014
Language:EN
[2014/44]
Type: A1 Application with search report 
No.:EP2988750
Date:02.03.2016
Language:EN
The application published by WIPO in one of the EPO official languages on 30.10.2014 takes the place of the publication of the European patent application.
[2016/09]
Type: B1 Patent specification 
No.:EP2988750
Date:19.01.2022
Language:EN
[2022/03]
Type: B2 New European patent specification 
No.:EP2988750
Date:28.05.2025
Language:EN
[2025/22]
Type: B9 Corrected patent specification 
No.:EP2988750
Date:17.09.2025
[2025/38]
Search report(s)International search report - published on:EP30.10.2014
ClassificationIPC:A61K31/5377, A61P9/06
[2016/09]
CPC:
A61K31/5377 (EP,IL,US); A61K9/08 (IL,US); A61P9/00 (EP);
A61P9/06 (EP); A61P9/12 (EP)
Designated contracting statesAL,   AT,   BE,   BG,   CH,   CY,   CZ,   DE,   DK,   EE,   ES,   FI,   FR,   GB,   GR,   HR,   HU,   IE,   IS,   IT,   LI,   LT,   LU,   LV,   MC,   MK,   MT,   NL,   NO,   PL,   PT,   RO,   RS,   SE,   SI,   SK,   SM,   TR [2016/09]
Extension statesBA21.10.2015
ME21.10.2015
TitleGerman:VERWENDUNG VON LANDIOLOLHYDROCHLORID BEI DER LANGZEITBEHANDLUNG VON TACHYARRHYTHMIEN[2016/09]
English:USE OF LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN THE LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF TACHYARRHYTHMIAS[2016/09]
French:UTILISATION DE CHLORHYDRATE DE LANDIOLOL DANS LE TRAITEMENT À LONG TERME DE TACHYARYTHMIES[2021/35]
Former [2016/09]UTILISATION DE CHLORHYDRATE DE LANDIOLOL DANS LE TRAITEMENT À LONG TERME DE LA TACHYARHYTHMIE
Entry into regional phase21.10.2015National basic fee paid 
21.10.2015Designation fee(s) paid 
21.10.2015Examination fee paid 
Examination procedure25.02.2015Request for preliminary examination filed
International Preliminary Examining Authority: EP
21.10.2015Examination requested  [2016/09]
07.06.2016Amendment by applicant (claims and/or description)
05.08.2016Despatch of communication of loss of particular rights: Claims {1}
05.04.2018Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M06)
05.10.2018Reply to a communication from the examining division
21.04.2020Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M04)
16.07.2020Reply to a communication from the examining division
03.11.2021Communication of intention to grant the patent
13.12.2021Fee for grant paid
13.12.2021Fee for publishing/printing paid
13.12.2021Receipt of the translation of the claim(s)
Opposition(s)Opponent(s)01  18.10.2022  19.10.2022  ADMISSIBLE
Becker, Eberhard
Bavariastraße 7
80336 München / DE
Opponent's representative
Becker Kurig & Partner Patentanwälte mbB
Bavariastraße 7
80336 München / DE
 [2022/47]
02.11.2022Invitation to proprietor to file observations on the notice of opposition
13.03.2023Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition
17.10.2024Legal effect of interlocutory decision in opposition
17.10.2024Date of oral proceedings
06.11.2024Despatch of interlocutory decision in opposition
06.11.2024Despatch of minutes of oral proceedings
18.02.2025Despatch of communication that the patent will be maintained as amended
Request for further processing for:Loss of rights: Claims
23.08.2016Request for further processing filed
23.08.2016Full payment received (date of receipt of payment)
Request granted
08.09.2016Decision despatched
Fees paidRenewal fee
29.03.2016Renewal fee patent year 03
21.04.2017Renewal fee patent year 04
23.04.2018Renewal fee patent year 05
23.04.2019Renewal fee patent year 06
27.04.2020Renewal fee patent year 07
19.04.2021Renewal fee patent year 08
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Lapses during opposition  TooltipAL19.01.2022
CY19.01.2022
MC19.01.2022
MK19.01.2022
RS19.01.2022
SM19.01.2022
BG19.04.2022
[2024/22]
Former [2024/20]AL19.01.2022
CY19.01.2022
MC19.01.2022
RS19.01.2022
SM19.01.2022
BG19.04.2022
Former [2023/06]AL19.01.2022
MC19.01.2022
RS19.01.2022
SM19.01.2022
BG19.04.2022
Former [2023/01]AL19.01.2022
RS19.01.2022
SM19.01.2022
BG19.04.2022
Former [2022/47]RS19.01.2022
SM19.01.2022
BG19.04.2022
Former [2022/35]RS19.01.2022
BG19.04.2022
Cited inInternational search[X]   MIWA YOSUKE ET AL: "Effects of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-selective blocker, on electrical storm refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs.", CIRCULATION JOURNAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY MAY 2010, vol. 74, no. 5, 1 May 2010 (2010-05-01), pages 856 - 863, XP002712727, ISSN: 1347-4820

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-09-0772
 [X]   SHINJI TAKAHASHI ET AL: "Modifications of the hemodynamic consequences of theophylline intoxication with landiolol in halothane-anesthetized dogs", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, vol. 47, no. 3, 1 March 2000 (2000-03-01), pages 265 - 272, XP055078074, ISSN: 0832-610X, DOI: 10.1007/BF03018925

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03018925
 [X]   MORISAKI AKIMASA ET AL: "Very-low-dose continuous drip infusion of landiolol hydrochloride for postoperative atrial tachyarrhythmia in patients with poor left ventricular function.", GENERAL THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY JUN 2012, vol. 60, no. 6, June 2012 (2012-06-01), pages 386 - 390, XP002712698, ISSN: 1863-6713

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11748-012-0011-9
 [X]   WARIISHI SEIICHIRO ET AL: "Postoperative administration of landiolol hydrochloride for patients with supraventricular arrhythmia: the efficacy of sustained intravenous infusion at a low dose", INTERACTIVE CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, UK, vol. 9, no. 5, 1 November 2009 (2009-11-01), pages 811 - 813, XP008164714, ISSN: 1569-9293, DOI: 10.1510/ICVTS.2009.212837

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2009.212837
 [X]   JU MIZUNO ET AL: "Age and sex-related differences in dose-dependent hemodynamic response to landiolol hydrochloride during general anesthesia", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, SPRINGER, BERLIN, DE, vol. 63, no. 3, 9 January 2007 (2007-01-09), pages 243 - 252, XP019489181, ISSN: 1432-1041, DOI: 10.1007/S00228-006-0249-1

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-006-0249-1
 [X]   KOZUE KUBO ET AL: "Successful management of cesarean section in a patient with Romano-Ward syndrome using landiolol, a selective and short-acting [beta]1 receptor antagonist", JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, SPRINGER-VERLAG, TO, vol. 19, no. 2, 1 May 2005 (2005-05-01), pages 174 - 176, XP019373359, ISSN: 1438-8359, DOI: 10.1007/S00540-005-0302-8

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-005-0302-8
 [XP]   NAGAI RYOZO ET AL: "Urgent management of rapid heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter and left ventricular dysfunction: comparison of the ultra-short-acting [beta]1-selective blocker landiolol with digoxin (J-Land Study).", CIRCULATION JOURNAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY 2013, vol. 77, no. 4, 2013, pages 908 - 916, XP002712699, ISSN: 1347-4820

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-12-1618
 [X]   T. NAKANO ET AL: "Effect of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting beta 1-selective blocker, on supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter after pulmonary resection", JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS, vol. 37, no. 4, 7 August 2012 (2012-08-07), pages 431 - 435, XP055135833, ISSN: 0269-4727, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01315.x

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01315.x
 [X]   TAKAHASHI S ET AL: "Landiolol decreases a dysrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in dogs during halothane anesthesia.", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA = JOURNAL CANADIEN D'ANESTHSIE JUN 1999, vol. 46, no. 6, June 1999 (1999-06-01), pages 599 - 604, XP002728764, ISSN: 0832-610X

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03013554
Examination  GNTHER KRUMPL ET AL: "Pharmacodynamic and -kinetic Behavior of Low-, Intermediate-, and High-Dose Landiolol During Long-Term Infusion in Whites :", JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 70, no. 1, 1 July 2017 (2017-07-01), NEW YORK, NY, pages 42 - 51, XP055686060, ISSN: 0160-2446, DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000495

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000495
by applicant  MURAKAMI M. ET AL., DRUG METAB. PHARMACOKINET., vol. 20, no. 5, 2005, pages 337 - 344
   ANDERSON A.C., CLIN.PED.EMERGENCY MED., 2008, pages 4 - 16
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OppositionWO2014174076
 EP2796139
 EP2234614
 EP1652533
 CN1827109
   SAKAMOTO ATSUHIRO, KITAKAZE MASAFUMI, TAKAMOTO SHINICHI, NAMIKI AKIYOSHI, KASANUKI HIROSHI, HOSODA SAICHI: "Landiolol, an Ultra-Short-Acting 1-Blocker, More Effectively Terminates Atrial Fibrillation Than Diltiazem After Open Heart Surgery : Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study (JL-KNIGHT Study) ", CIRCULATION JOURNAL, vol. 76, no. 5, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), JP , pages 1097 - 1101, XP055976767, ISSN: 1346-9843, DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-11-1332

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-11-1332
   YUKO YOSHIDA ; KATSUYUKI TERAJIMA ; CHIYO SATO ; SHINJI AKADA ; YASUO MIYAGI ; TAKASHI HONGO ; SHINHIRO TAKEDA ; KEIJI TANAKA ; AT: "Clinical role and efficacy of landiolol in the intensive care unit", JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, vol. 22, no. 1, 27 February 2008 (2008-02-27), To , pages 64 - 69, XP019591685, ISSN: 1438-8359
   AKIRA SEZAI; KAZUTOMO MINAMI; TOSHIKO NAKAI; MITSUMASA HATA; ISAMU YOSHITAKE; SHINJI WAKUI; MOTOMI SHIONO; ATSUSHI HIRAYAMA;: "Landiolol hydrochloride for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: New evidence from the PASCAL trial", THE JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, vol. 141, no. 6, 23 October 2010 (2010-10-23), US , pages 1478 - 1487, XP028210732, ISSN: 0022-5223, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.10.045

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.10.045
   WARIISHI SEIICHIRO; YAMASHITA KOICHI; NISHIMORI HIDEAKI; FUKUTOMI TAKASHI; YAMAMOTO MASAKI; RADHAKRISHNAN GEETHALAKSHMI; SASAGURI : "Postoperative administration of landiolol hydrochloride for patients with supraventricular arrhythmia: the efficacy of sustained intravenous infusion at a low dose.", INTERACTIVE CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY, vol. 9, no. 5, 1 November 2009 (2009-11-01), UK , pages 811 - 813, XP008164714, ISSN: 1569-9293, DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2009.212837

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2009.212837
   STIX GUENTER, WOLZT MICHAEL, DOMANOVITS HANS, KADLECOV PAVLA, HUSCH BERNHARD, TREBS MICHAELA, HODISCH JURI, UNGER MARTIN, KRUMPL : "Open-Label Two-Dose Pilot Study of Landiolol for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter in Caucasian Patients", CIRCULATION JOURNAL, vol. 84, no. 1, 25 December 2019 (2019-12-25), JP , pages 33 - 42, XP055976771, ISSN: 1346-9843, DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0661

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0661
   SEO HIROYUKI, MIYAMOTO SATOSHI, YAO HIDEKI, MINAMURA HIROYOSHI, HOSONO KOJI, AOYAMA TAKANOBU: "Clinical Experience of Landiolol Hydrochloride, a Short-acting beta1-Blocker, for Atrial Fibrillation after Open Heart Surgery; Report of a Case (English translation enclosed)", JPN J MED PHARM SCI, vol. 59, no. 1, 1 January 2008 (2008-01-01), pages 115 - 118, XP055976781 * & D9a English translation of D9; *
   MORISHIMA ATSUTOMO, HIRAO SHINGO, NAGASAKA SHIGEO, YOKOYAMA SHINYA, KANEDA KOUZOU, NISHIWAKI NOBORU: "Suppressive Effect of Landiolol Hydrochloride on Atrial Fibrillation Follwing Surgical Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (English translation enclosed)", JPN J VASC SURG, vol. 18, no. 4, 1 January 2009 (2009-01-01), pages 481 - 485, XP055976802 * ; & D11a English translation of D11; *
   HIROAKI ITO ; KAZUYA SOBUE ; MINHYE SO ; HIROYUKI HIRATE ; TAKESHI SUGIURA ; TAKAFUMI AZAMI ; HIROSHI SASANO ; HIROTADA KATSUYA: "Use of landiolol in the perioperative management of supraventricular tachycardia", JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, vol. 20, no. 3, 1 August 2006 (2006-08-01), To , pages 253 - 254, XP019429576, ISSN: 1438-8359, DOI: 10.1007/s00540-006-0398-5

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-006-0398-5
   ATSUSHI S. ET AL.: "Electrophysiologic, Cardiohemodynamic and -Blocking Actions of a New Ultra-Short-Acting -Blocker, ONO-1101, Assessed by the In Vivo Canine Model in Comparison with Esmolol", JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 34, no. 1, July 1999 (1999-07-01), pages 70 - 77
   ANONYMOUS: "Approval for Additional Indication of Onoact 50 for injection, Short-Acting Selective 1 Blocker in Japan", 22 November 2013 (2013-11-22), XP055976811, Retrieved from the Internet
   "Onoact 50 for injection (ONOACT)", INFORMATION LEAFLET (ENGLISH TRANSLATION ENCLOSED), 1 April 2012 (2012-04-01), pages 1 - 6, XP055976916
   TAENAKA NOBUYUKI, KIKAWA SHINICHI: "Dose-Dependent Effect of Landiolol, a New Ultra-Short-Acting 1-Blocker, on Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Postoperative Patients", CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION, vol. 33, no. 7, 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01), NZ , pages 505 - 514, XP055976921, ISSN: 1173-2563, DOI: 10.1007/s40261-013-0093-x

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40261-013-0093-x
   PARK HAENGNAM; OTANI HAJIME; NODA TEPPEI; SATO DAISUKE; OKAZAKI TORU; UEYAMA TAKANAO; IWASAKA JUNJI; YAMAMOTO YOSHIHIRO; IWASAKA T: "Intracoronary followed by intravenous administration of the short-acting B-blocker landiolol prevents myocardial injury in the face of elective percutaneous coronary intervention", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, vol. 167, no. 4, 18 May 2012 (2012-05-18), AMSTERDAM, NL , pages 1547 - 1551, XP028691251, ISSN: 0167-5273, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.096

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.096
   "Onoact 50 for injection ", INFORMATION LEAFLET (IN JAPANESE, ENGLISH TRANSLATION ENCLOSED), 1 October 2006 (2006-10-01), pages 28 - 33, XP055976923
   HOFFMAN AMNON, STEPENSKY DAVID : "Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Modes of Drug Administration for Optimization of Drug Therapy", CRITICAL REVIEWS IN THERAPEUTIC DRUG CARRIER SYSTEMS, vol. 16, no. 6, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 571 - 639, XP055976927
   LEIER, C.V. ; BINKLEY, P.F.: "Acute positive inotropic intervention: The catecholamines", AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL, vol. 121, no. 6, 1 June 1991 (1991-06-01), AMSTERDAM, NL , pages 1866 - 1870, XP022928440, ISSN: 0002-8703, DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(91)90077-U

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(91)90077-U
   MURAKAMI WAKAKO, SHIGEKI KOBAYASHI, TAKAMASA ODA, HIROKI TATEISHI, SHINICHI OKUDA, MASAHIRO DOI, TOMOKO NAO, YASUAKI WADA, MASAFUM: "O-052 - Low-dose of Landiolol Effectively Slows Heart Rate of Rapid Atrial Fibrillation in Patient with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure", JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE, vol. 18, no. 10S, 1 October 2012 (2012-10-01), pages S157 - S158, XP055976929
   OGAWA SHINJI, OKAWA YASUHIDE, GOTO YOSHIHIRO, AOKI MASAKAZU, BABA HIROSHI: "Perioperative use of a beta blocker in coronary artery bypass grafting", ASIA CARDIOVASCULAR & THORACIC ANNALS, vol. 21, no. 3, 1 June 2013 (2013-06-01), GB , pages 265 - 269, XP055976930, ISSN: 0218-4923, DOI: 10.1177/0218492312451166

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492312451166
   KOBAYASHI SHIGEKI, SUSA TAKEHISA, TANAKA TAKEO, MURAKAMI WAKAKO, FUKUTA SEIKO, OKUDA SHINICHI, DOI MASAHIRO, WADA YASUAKI, NAO TOM: "Low-Dose -Blocker in Combination With Milrinone Safely Improves Cardiac Function and Eliminates Pulsus Alternans in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure", CIRCULATION JOURNAL, vol. 76, no. 7, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), JP , pages 1646 - 1653, XP055976933, ISSN: 1346-9843, DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0033

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0033
   SHINJI TAKAHASHI, FUJII YOSHITAKA, INOMATA SHIN-ICHI, MIYABE MASAYUKI, TOYOOKA HIDENORI: "Landiolol decreases a dysrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in dogs during halothane anesthesia", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 599 - 604, XP055135914, DOI: 10.1007/BF03013554

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03013554
   KONO TETSUYA, YANAGIYA NOBUYUKI, NISHIMURA KAZUNORI: "Successful treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with landiolol during hemodialysis in a patient after receiving cardiac surgery", J JPN SOC INTENSIVE CARE MED., vol. 17, 1 January 2010 (2010-01-01), pages 77 - 78, XP055976934
   TACHIKAWA MAYUMI, SHIMAZAKI MUTSUHISA, ARAI TAKERO, SAIMA SHUNSUKE, ADACHI ERIKO, OKUDA YASUHISA: "Effect of Landiolol and Combined Use of Landiolol and Olprinone on Hemodynamics in Patients Undergoing Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (English translation enclosed)", MASUI (JPN. J. ANESTHESIOL.), vol. 61, no. 6, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), pages 566 - 573, XP055976935 * , and its English translation D29a; *
   SHINJI TAKAHASHI, YOSHITAKA FUJII, TAKUO HOSHI, SHIN-ICHI INOMATA, MASAYUKI MIYABE, HIDENORI TOYOOKA: "Modifications of the hemodynamic consequences of theophylline intoxication with landiolol in halothane-anesthetized dogs", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, vol. 47, no. 3, 1 March 2000 (2000-03-01), pages 265 - 272, XP055078074, ISSN: 0832610X, DOI: 10.1007/BF03018925

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03018925
   BENET LESLIE Z.: "Effect of route of administration and distribution on drug action", JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS, vol. 6, no. 6, 1 December 1978 (1978-12-01), pages 559 - 585, XP055976937, DOI: 10.1007/BF01062110

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062110
   "Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology : Volume 1: General and Molecular Pharmacology: Principles of Drug Action", 1 January 2019, SPRINGER SINGAPORE, Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-3297-79-1, article PAUL ABIALBON: "Drug Absorption and Bioavailability", pages: 81 - 88, XP055976938, DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9779-1_5

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9779-1_5
   JEONG SEUNG-HYUN, JANG JI-HUN, LEE YONG-BOK: "Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Three Different Administration Routes for Topotecan Hydrochloride in Rats", PHARMACEUTICALS, vol. 13, no. 9, pages 231, XP055976939, DOI: 10.3390/ph13090231

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13090231
   GELBENEGGER GEORG; JILMA BERND; HORVATH LISA CHRISTINA; SCHOERGENHOFER CHRISTIAN; SILLER-MATULA JOLANTA M.; SULZGRUBER PATRICK; GR: "Landiolol for refractory ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial", RESUSCITATION., ELSEVIER., IE, vol. 201, 10 June 2024 (2024-06-10), IE , XP087579284, ISSN: 0300-9572, DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110273

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110273
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