blank Quick help
blank Maintenance news

Scheduled maintenance

Regular maintenance outages:
between 05.00 and 05.15 hrs CET (Monday to Sunday).

Other outages
Availability

2022.02.11

More...
blank News flashes

Italy joins the Federated Register

Click here for more information on the Federated Register.

2025-06-12

More...
blank Related links

Release notes
European Patent Register Assistant
European Patent Register User Manual
European Patent Register – pocket guide
FAQ - European Patent Register
Federated Register (Flyer)
Global Dossier (Flyer)
Register events
Deep link coverage
Federated Register content
The Patent Information Tour
Fair use charter

Extract from the Register of European Patents

EP About this file: EP3292873

EP3292873 - COMBINATION OF VACCINATION AND INHIBITION OF THE PD-1 PATHWAY [Right-click to bookmark this link]
StatusPatent revoked
Status updated on  18.04.2025
Database last updated on 31.03.2026
FormerThe patent has been granted
Status updated on  29.03.2019
FormerGrant of patent is intended
Status updated on  17.03.2019
FormerExamination is in progress
Status updated on  02.11.2018
FormerRequest for examination was made
Status updated on  09.02.2018
Most recent event   Tooltip18.04.2025Revocation of patentpublished on 21.05.2025  [2025/21]
Applicant(s)For all designated states
CureVac SE
Friedrich-Miescher-Straße 15
72076 Tübingen / DE
[2023/01]
Former [2021/10]For all designated states
CureVac AG
Friedrich-Miescher-Straße 15
72076 Tübingen / DE
Former [2018/11]For all designated states
CureVac AG
Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15
72076 Tübingen / DE
Inventor(s)01 / Fotin-Mleczek, Mariola
Chemnitzer Weg 10
71065 Sindelfingen / DE
02 / Kallen, Karl-Josef
Marienhofer Weg 24
50226 Königsdorf / DE
03 / Probst, Jochen
Kirchhofländern 19
72649 Wolfschlugen / DE
 [2018/11]
Representative(s)Graf von Stosch, Andreas, et al
Graf von Stosch
Patentanwaltsgesellschaft mbH
Triftstraße 5
80538 München / DE
[N/P]
Former [2018/11]Graf von Stosch, Andreas, et al
Graf von Stosch
Patentanwaltsgesellschaft mbH
Prinzregentenstraße 22
80538 München / DE
Application number, filing date17001347.821.02.2014
[2018/11]
Priority number, dateWO2013EP0052622.02.2013         Original published format: PCT/EP2013/000526
[2018/11]
Filing languageEN
Procedural languageEN
PublicationType: A1 Application with search report 
No.:EP3292873
Date:14.03.2018
Language:EN
[2018/11]
Type: A9 Corrected patent application 
No.:EP3292873
Date:25.04.2018
[2018/17]
Type: B1 Patent specification 
No.:EP3292873
Date:01.05.2019
Language:EN
[2019/18]
Search report(s)(Supplementary) European search report - dispatched on:EP08.02.2018
ClassificationIPC:A61K39/395, C07K16/28, A61K39/39
[2018/11]
CPC:
A61K39/39 (EP); A61K39/39558 (EP); C07K16/2818 (EP);
A61K2039/53 (EP); A61K2039/55516 (EP)
C-Set:
A61K39/39558, A61K2300/00 (EP)
Designated contracting statesAL,   AT,   BE,   BG,   CH,   CY,   CZ,   DE,   DK,   EE,   ES,   FI,   FR,   GB,   GR,   HR,   HU,   IE,   IS,   IT,   LI,   LT,   LU,   LV,   MC,   MK,   MT,   NL,   NO,   PL,   PT,   RO,   RS,   SE,   SI,   SK,   SM,   TR [2018/11]
TitleGerman:KOMBINATION VON IMPFUNG UND HEMMUNG DES PD-1-PFADES[2018/11]
English:COMBINATION OF VACCINATION AND INHIBITION OF THE PD-1 PATHWAY[2018/11]
French:COMBINAISON DE VACCINATION ET D'INHIBITION DE LA VOIE PD-1[2018/11]
Examination procedure07.08.2017Examination requested  [2018/11]
07.08.2017Date on which the examining division has become responsible
09.07.2018Amendment by applicant (claims and/or description)
29.10.2018Despatch of a communication from the examining division (Time limit: M04)
06.11.2018Reply to a communication from the examining division
07.01.2019Observations by third parties
18.03.2019Communication of intention to grant the patent
21.03.2019Fee for grant paid
21.03.2019Fee for publishing/printing paid
21.03.2019Receipt of the translation of the claim(s)
Parent application(s)   TooltipEP14706481.0  / EP2958588
Divisional application(s)EP19169964.4  / EP3578200
Opposition(s)Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
 03  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
BioNTech SE
An der Goldgrube 12
55131 Mainz / DE
Opponent's representative
Thomann, William John
ZSP
Patentanwälte PartG mbB
Hansastraße 32
80686 München / DE
 04  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV
Galileilaan 19
2845 Niel / BE
Opponent's representative
Arnold & Siedsma
Bezuidenhoutseweg 57
2594 AC The Hague / NL
 05  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Pfizer Inc.
66 Hudson Boulevard East
New York, NY 10001-2192 / US
Opponent's representative
Dörries, Hans Ulrich
df-mp Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB
Theatinerstraße 16
80333 München / DE
 06  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
James Poole Limited
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Opponent's representative
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
 [2025/13]
Former [2023/45]
Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
 03  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
BioNTech SE
An der Goldgrube 12
55131 Mainz / DE
Opponent's representative
Thomann, William John
ZSP
Patentanwälte PartG mbB
Hansastraße 32
80686 München / DE
 04  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV
Galileilaan 19
2845 Niel / BE
Opponent's representative
Arnold & Siedsma
Bezuidenhoutseweg 57
2594 AC The Hague / NL
 05  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Pfizer Inc.
66 Hudson Boulevard East
New York, NY 10001-2192 / US
Opponent's representative
Dörries, Hans Ulrich
df-mp
Fünf Höfe
Theatinerstrasse 16
80333 München / DE
 06  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
James Poole Limited
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Opponent's representative
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Former [2023/29]
Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
 03  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH
An der Goldgrube 12
55131 Mainz / DE
Opponent's representative
Thomann, William John
ZSP
Patentanwälte PartG mbB
Hansastraße 32
80686 München / DE
 04  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV
Galileilaan 19
2845 Niel / BE
Opponent's representative
Arnold & Siedsma
Bezuidenhoutseweg 57
2594 AC The Hague / NL
 05  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Pfizer Inc.
66 Hudson Boulevard East
New York, NY 10001-2192 / US
Opponent's representative
Dörries, Hans Ulrich
df-mp
Fünf Höfe
Theatinerstrasse 16
80333 München / DE
 06  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
James Poole Limited
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Opponent's representative
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Former [2021/37]
Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
 03  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH
An der Goldgrube 12
55131 Mainz / DE
Opponent's representative
Thomann, William John
ZSP
Patentanwälte PartG mbB
Hansastraße 32
80686 München / DE
 04  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV
Galileilaan 19
2845 Niel / BE
Opponent's representative
Arnold & Siedsma
Bezuidenhoutseweg 57
2594 AC The Hague / NL
 05  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Pfizer, Inc.
235 East 42nd Street
New York, N.Y. 10017 / US
Opponent's representative
Dörries, Hans Ulrich
df-mp
Fünf Höfe
Theatinerstrasse 16
80333 München / DE
 06  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
James Poole Limited
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Opponent's representative
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Former [2021/12]
Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
 03  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH
An der Goldgrube 12
55131 Mainz / DE
Opponent's representative
Thomann, William John
ZSP
Patentanwälte PartG mbB
Hansastraße 32
80686 München / DE
 04  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV
Galileilaan 19
2845 Niel / BE
Opponent's representative
Arnold & Siedsma
Bezuidenhoutseweg 57
2594 AC The Hague / NL
 05  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Pfizer, Inc.
235 East 42nd Street
New York, N.Y. 10017 / US
Opponent's representative
Dörries, Hans Ulrich
df-mp
Fünf Höfe
Theatinerstrasse 16
80333 München / DE
 06  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
James Poole Limited
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Opponent's representative
Duffield, Stephen
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Former [2020/12]
Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
 03  31.01.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH
An der Goldgrube 12
55131 Mainz / DE
Opponent's representative
Thomann, William John
ZSP
Patentanwälte PartG mbB
Hansastraße 32
80686 München / DE
 04  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV
Galileilaan 19
2845 Niel / BE
Opponent's representative
LC Patents
Kempische Steenweg 542A
3500 Hasselt / BE
 05  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
Pfizer, Inc.
235 East 42nd Street
New York, N.Y. 10017 / US
Opponent's representative
Dörries, Hans Ulrich
df-mp
Fünf Höfe
Theatinerstrasse 16
80333 München / DE
 06  03.02.2020  07.02.2020  ADMISSIBLE
James Poole Limited
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Opponent's representative
Duffield, Stephen
Carpmaels & Ransford LLP
One Southampton Row
London WC1B 5HA / GB
Former [2020/11]
Opponent(s)01  31.01.2020    ADMISSIBLE
Strawman Limited
Orchard Lea
Horns Lane
Combe, Whitney
Oxfordshire OX29 8NH / GB
Opponent's representative
Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB
Siebertstrasse 3
81675 München / DE
 02  31.01.2020    ADMISSIBLE
Merck Patent GmbH
Frankfurter Strasse 250
64293 Darmstadt / DE
20.02.2020Invitation to proprietor to file observations on the notice of opposition
28.08.2020Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition
08.11.2022Date of oral proceedings
22.12.2022Despatch of minutes of oral proceedings
01.04.2025Despatch of communication that the patent will be revoked
11.04.2025Legal effect of revocation of patent [2025/21]
Appeal following opposition23.01.2023Appeal received No.  T0142/23
23.01.2023Payment of appeal fee
28.04.2023Statement of grounds filed
27.03.2025Result of appeal procedure: REVOCATION OF PATENT AT PROPRIETOR'S REQUEST
01.04.2025Despatch of the decision of the Board of Appeal
Fees paidRenewal fee
07.08.2017Renewal fee patent year 03
07.08.2017Renewal fee patent year 04
18.12.2017Renewal fee patent year 05
22.02.2019Renewal fee patent year 06
Opt-out from the exclusive  Tooltip
competence of the Unified
Patent Court		 See the Register of the Unified Patent Court for opt-out data
Responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or quality of the data displayed under the link provided lies entirely with the Unified Patent Court.
Lapses during opposition  TooltipHU21.02.2014
AL01.05.2019
CY01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
MC01.05.2019
MK01.05.2019
MT01.05.2019
PL01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SI01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
TR01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
LU21.02.2020
[2022/32]
Former [2022/28]HU21.02.2014
AL01.05.2019
CY01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
MC01.05.2019
MT01.05.2019
PL01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SI01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
TR01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
LU21.02.2020
Former [2020/50]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
MC01.05.2019
PL01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SI01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
TR01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
LU21.02.2020
Former [2020/48]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
PL01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SI01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
TR01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
LU21.02.2020
Former [2020/25]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
PL01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SI01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
TR01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2020/17]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
TR01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2020/14]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
SM01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2020/11]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
EE01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
SK01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2020/10]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RO01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2020/09]AL01.05.2019
CZ01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2020/04]AL01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
IS01.09.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2019/51]AL01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
BG01.08.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2019/50]AL01.05.2019
FI01.05.2019
HR01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
LV01.05.2019
RS01.05.2019
NO01.08.2019
GR02.08.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2019/48]FI01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
NO01.08.2019
PT01.09.2019
Former [2019/47]FI01.05.2019
LT01.05.2019
NO01.08.2019
Documents cited:Search[XY] WO2008011344  (CHILDRENS HOSPITAL INC et al.)
 [Y] US2010055102  (LANGERMANN SOLOMON et al.)
 [Y] WO2012062218  (UNIV HONG KONG et al.)
 [Y] WO2010063011  (UNIV EMORY et al.)
 [Y] WO2008156712  (ORGANON NV et al.)
 [XY]   SIERRO SOPHIE R ET AL: "Combination of lentivector immunization and low-dose chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 blocking primes self-reactive T cells and induces anti-tumor immunity.", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AUG 2011, vol. 41, no. 8, August 2011 (2011-08-01), pages 2217 - 2228, XP002716011, ISSN: 1521-4141

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041235
 [XDY]   DAI BINGBING ET AL: "PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T cell immunity elicited by dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vaccines.", MOLECULAR THERAPY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF GENE THERAPY SEP 2012, vol. 20, no. 9, September 2012 (2012-09-01), pages 1800 - 1809, XP002716012, ISSN: 1525-0024

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2012.98
 [Y]   ZITVOGEL LAURENCE ET AL: "Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions for cancer immunotherapy", ONCOIMMUNOLOGY, vol. 1, no. 8, November 2012 (2012-11-01), pages 1223 - 1225, XP002716013

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.21335
 [Y]   FOTIN-MLECZEK MARIOLA ET AL: "Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, vol. 14, no. 6, June 2012 (2012-06-01), pages 428 - 439, XP002716014

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
by applicantUS2010055102
 WO2008011344
 WO2012062218
 US4816567
   BOUR-JORDAN ET AL., IMMUNOL REV., vol. 241, no. 1, 2011, pages 180 - 205
   NISHIMURA, IMMUNITY, vol. 11, no. 2, 1999, pages 141 - 151
   DONG ET AL., NAT MED., vol. 8, no. 8, 2002, pages 793 - 800
   ZITVOGEL; KROEMER, ONCOIMMUNOLOGY, vol. 1, 2012, pages 1223 - 1125
   BRAHMER, J CLIN ONCOL., vol. 28, no. 19, 2010, pages 3167 - 3175
   TOPALIAN ET AL., N ENGL J MED., vol. 366, no. 26, 2012, pages 2443 - 2454
   BRAHMER ET AL., N ENGL J MED., vol. 366, no. 26, 2012, pages 2455 - 2465
   HOBO ET AL., CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUNOTHER., vol. 62, no. 2, 2013, pages 285 - 297
   DAI ET AL., MOL THER., vol. 20, no. 9, 2012, pages 1800 - 1809
   SIERRO, EUR J LMMUNOL., vol. 41, no. 8, 2011, pages 2217 - 2228
   CURRAN, PROC NATL ACAD SCI U S A, vol. 107, no. 9, 2010, pages 4275 - 4280
   MKRTICHYA ET AL., EUR J IMMUNOL., vol. 41, no. 10, 2011, pages 2977 - 2986
   PILON-THOMAS ET AL., J IMMUNOL., vol. 184, no. 7, 2010, pages 3442 - 3449
   FOTIN-MLECZEK ET AL., J GENE MED., vol. 14, no. 6, 2012, pages 428 - 439
   AKASHI, CURR. OPIN. GENET. DEV., vol. 11, no. 6, 2001, pages 660 - 666
   HOLCIK ET AL., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 94, 1997, pages 2410 - 2414
   DATABASE GenBank [O] retrieved from ncbi Database accession no. U26404
   LAI ET AL., DEVELOPMENT, vol. 121, 1995, pages 2349 - 2360
   DATABASE GenBank [O] retrieved from ncbi Database accession no. X65300
   DATABASE GenBank [O] retrieved from ncbi Database accession no. X65327
   GRIFFIN AND GRIFFIN: "PCR Technology: Current Innovation", 2001, CRC PRESS
   VANDER VEEN ET AL.: "Alphavirus replicon vaccines", ANIMAL HEALTH RESEARCH REVIEWS, vol. 13, no. 1, 2012, pages 1 - 9, XP009166113, DOI: doi:10.1017/S1466252312000011

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1466252312000011
   MEYLAN, E.; TSCHOPP, J.: "Toll-like receptors and RNA helicases: two parallel ways to trigger antiviral responses", MOL. CELL, vol. 22, 2006, pages 561 - 569
   ZAMORE, NAT. STRUCT. BIOL., vol. 9, 2001, pages 746 - 750
   SHARP, GENES DEV., vol. 5, 2001, pages 485 - 490
   HANNON, NATURE, vol. 41, 2002, pages 244 - 251
   STARK ET AL., ANNU. REV. BIOCHEM., vol. 67, 1998, pages 227 - 264
   HE; KATZE, VIRAL IMMUNOL., vol. 15, 2002, pages 95 - 119
   ELBASHIR ET AL., NATURE, vol. 411, 2001, pages 494 - 498
   URRY ET AL.: "Modern Physical Methods in Biochemistry", 1985, ELSEVIER, article "Absorption, Circular Dichroism and ORD of Polypeptides"
   KARLIN ET AL., PNAS, vol. 90, 1993, pages 5873 - 5877
   ALTSCHUL ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RES., vol. 25, 1997, pages 3389 - 3402
   KOHLER; MILSTEIN, NATURE, vol. 256, 1975, pages 495
   MCCAFFERTY, NATURE, vol. 348, 1990, pages 552 - 554
   KONTERMANN R.E., ACTA PHARMACOL. SIN, vol. 26, no. 1, 2005, pages 1 - 9
   PERRI, J. VIROL., vol. 77, no. 19, 2003, pages 10394 - 10403
   HEMMI H ET AL., NATURE, vol. 408, 2000, pages 740 - 745
   BAUER S ET AL., PROC NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 98, 2001, pages 9237 - 9242
   OKAZAKI; HONJO, INT IMMUNOL., vol. 19, no. 7, 2007, pages 813 - 824
   BRAHMER ET AL., J CLIN ONCOL., vol. 28, no. 19, 2010, pages 3167 - 3175
   BERGER ET AL., CLIN CANCER RES., vol. 14, no. 10, 2008, pages 3044 - 3051
   MKRTICHYAN ET AL., J IMMUNOL., vol. 189, no. 5, 2012, pages 2338 - 2347
OppositionWO02086083
 WO2011143656
 WO2008083174
 WO2010063011
 WO2008083949
 US2008267873
 WO2012006369
 EP3292873
 EP2958588
 EP2013000526
 WO2008083174
 WO2010063011
 US2010040614
 US2010055102
 WO2007005874
 WO2006044923
 WO2008011344
 WO2009114335
 WO2008085562
 WO2010036959
 WO2011066389
 EP1392341
 WO2006133396
 WO2009046738
 WO2008011344
 US2010055102
 WO2012062218
 WO2010063011
 WO2008156712
 WO2008085562
 WO2004004743
 WO2008083174
 US2010035973
 US8008449
   SIERRO, S. ET AL.: "Combination of lentivector immunization and low-dose chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 blocking primes self-reactive T cells and induces anti- tumor immunity", EUR. J. IMMUNOL., vol. 41, pages 2217 - 2228, XP002716011, DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041235

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041235
   DAI, B. ET AL.: "PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Can Enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T Cell Immunity Elicited by Dendritic Cell -Directed Lentiviral Vaccines", MOLECULAR THERAPY, vol. 20, 2012, pages 1800 - 1809, XP002716012, DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.98

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2012.98
   FOTIN-MLECZEK, M. ET AL.: "Highly potent mRNA-based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", J GENE MED, vol. 14, 2012, pages 428 - 439, XP002719717, DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2605

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
   HOBO, W. ET AL.: "Improving dendritic cell vaccine immunogenicity by silencing PD-1 ligands using siRNA-lipid nanoparticles combined with antigen mRNA electroporation", CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUNOTHER, vol. 62, 2013, pages 285 - 297, XP055129027, DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1334-1

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1334-1
   VANHAM ET AL.: "Can immunotherapy be useful as a ''functional cure'' for infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1?", RETROVIROLOGY, vol. 9, 2012, pages 72, XP021107722, DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-72

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-72
   DAI ET AL.: "PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Can Enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T Cell Immunity Elicited by Dendritic Cell -Directed Lentiviral Vaccines", MOLECULAR THERAPY, vol. 20, 2012, pages 1800 - 1809, XP002716012, DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.98

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2012.98
   PASCOLO STEVE: "Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA)", HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY., SPRINGER VERLAG, BERLIN, DE, no. 183, 1 January 2008 (2008-01-01), BERLIN, DE, pages 221 - 235, XP001538300, ISSN: 0171-2004, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_11

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_11
   HOERR INGMAR: "Stabilized messenger RNA (RNActive (TM)) as a tool for innovative gene delivery", TISSUE ENGINEERING, LARCHMONT, NY, US, vol. 13, no. 4, 1 April 2007 (2007-04-01), US, pages 886 - 887, XP091251215, ISSN: 1076-3279
   MARTINON ET AL.: "Induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by liposome-entrapped mRNA", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 23, 1993, pages 1719 - 1722, XP002937540, DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230749

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830230749
   MKRTICHYAN ET AL.: "Anti-PD-1 synergizes with cyclophosphamide to induce potent anti- tumor vaccine effects through novel mechanisms", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 41, 2011, pages 2977 - 2986, XP055497998, DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141639

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201141639
   ZHOU ET AL.: "Blockade of Programmed Death-1 Pathway Rescues the Effector Function of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Lentivector Immunization", JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 185, 2010, pages 5082 - 5092, XP055497999, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001821

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001821
   SONG ET AL.: "Enhancement of Vaccine-induced Primary and Memory CD 8+ T- cell Responses by Soluble PD-1", JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY, vol. 34, 2011, pages 297 - 306, XP009515238, DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0b013e318210ed0e

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0b013e318210ed0e
   FOTIN-MLECZEK ET AL.: "Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, vol. 14, 2012, pages 428 - 439, XP002719717, DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2605

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
   PARDOLL: "The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy", NATURE REVIEWS CANCER, vol. 12, 2012, pages 252 - 264, XP055415943, DOI: 10.1038/nrc3239

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc3239
   TOPALIAN ET AL.: "Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity", CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 24, 2012, pages 207 - 212, XP002714810, DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.009

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.009
   BRAHMER ET AL.: "Safety and Activity of Anti-PD-Ll Antibody in Patients with Advanced Cancer", NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 366, 2012, pages 2455 - 2465, XP055668316, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200694

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1200694
   BECK ET AL.: "6th Annual European Antibody Congress 2010", MABS, vol. 3, 2011, pages 111 - 132, XP055680455
   FOTIN-MLECZEK ET AL.: "Messenger RNA-based Vaccines With Dual Activity Induce Balanced TLR-7 Dependent Adaptive Immune Responses and Provide Antitumor Activity", JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY, vol. 34, 2011, pages 1 - 15, XP002665988
   FLEETON ET AL.: "Self-Replicative RNA Vaccines Elicit Protection against Influenza A Virus", RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, AND A TICKBORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, vol. 183, 2001, pages 1395 - 1398, XP002224503, DOI: 10.1086/319857

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/319857
   PARDOLL, DREW M.: "The blockade of immune 2012 checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy", NATURE REVIEWS CANCER, 4 December 2012 (2012-12-04), pages 252 - 264, XP055339916, DOI: 10.1038/nrc3239

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc3239
   GUIDO VANHAM;ELLEN VAN GULCK: "Can immunotherapy be useful as a functional cure for infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1?", RETROVIROLOGY, BIOMED CENTRAL LTD., LONDON, GB, vol. 9, no. 1, 7 September 2012 (2012-09-07), GB, pages 72, XP021107722, ISSN: 1742-4690, DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-72

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-72
   DAI, BINGBING ET AL.: "PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can 2012 enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T cell immunity elicited by dendritic cell -directed lentiviral vaccines.", MOLECULAR THERAPY 20.9, vol. 20.9, 2012, pages 1800 - 1809, XP002716012, DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.98

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2012.98
   GILBOA, ELI: "The promise of cancer vaccines", 2004 NATURE REVIEWS CANCER, vol. 4.5, 2004, pages 401 - 411, XP055680735

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1359
   MACKENSEN, A.: "Peptide and RNA-based 2011 vaccines for the treatment of cancer", ONKOLOGIE, vol. 34, 2011, pages 202, XP055493075
   ROSENBLATT, JACALYN ET AL.: "CT-011, Anti-PD-1 2009 Antibody, Enhances Ex-Vivo T Cell Responses to Autologous Dendritic/Myeloma Fusion Vaccine Developed for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma", BLOOD, 2009, pages 781 - 781, XP008180498
   WONG, RAYMOND M. ET AL.: "Programmed death-1 2007 blockade enhances expansion and functional capacity of human melanoma antigen-specific CTLs", INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 19.10, 2007, pages 1223 - 1234, XP009105472, DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm091

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxm091
   "Cancer Vaccines: From Research to Clinical Practice", 23 November 2011, article AGARWAL, NEERAJ ET AL.: "Development of novel immune interventions for genito-urinary cancers", pages: 25 - 43, XP055492086
   STRAIN, DANIEL: "Crushing Cancer's Defenses Vaccine approval offers hope while other armies muster", SCIENCE NEWS, vol. 179.10, 2011, pages 20 - 23, XP055493182, DOI: 10.1002/scin.5591791020

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591791020
   BARBER, DANIEL L. ET AL.: "Restoring function in 2006 exhausted CD 8 T cells during chronic viral infection", NATURE, vol. 439, 2006, pages 682 - 687, XP055198624, DOI: 10.1038/nature04444

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04444
   OMORI, RISA ET AL.: "Effects of interferon-a- 2012 transduced tumor cell vaccines and blockade of programmed cell death-1 on the growth of established tumors.", CANCER GENE THERAPY, vol. 19.9, 2012, pages 637 - 643, XP055299990, DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.42

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2012.42
   SOARES, KEVIN C. ET AL.: "Granulocyte 2012 macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) pancreas tumor vaccine in combination with blockade of PD-1 in a preclinical model of pancreatic cancer", PROCEEDINGS OF THE AACR SPECIAL CONFERENCE ON TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE DRIVING BASIC AND CLINICAL ADVANCES ; DEC 2-5, 2012 ; MIAMI, FL. PHILADELPHIA (PA ) : AACR; CANCER RES 2013, vol. 73, no. 1, XP055493192
   LI, BETTY ET AL.: "Anti-programmed death-1 2009 synergizes with granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy providing therapeutic benefit to mice with established tumors", CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, 15 May 2009 (2009-05-15), pages 1623 - 1634, XP055166457

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1825
   YAO, SHENG ET AL.: "Advances in targeting cell surface signalling molecules for immune modulation", NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY, vol. 12.2, 1 February 2013 (2013-02-01), pages 130 - 146, XP055157248

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3877
   CLINICAL TRIAL PROFILE OF THE TRIAL HAVING, Retrieved from the Internet
   CLINICAL TRIAL PROFILE OF THE TRIAL HAVING, January 2013 (2013-01-01), Retrieved from the Internet
   FOTIN-MLECZEK, MARIOLA ET AL.: "Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, vol. 14.6, 2012, pages 428 - 439, XP002716014

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
   MONIE, ARCHANA ET AL.: "Modification of Dendritic Cells to Enhance Cancer Vaccine Potency.", TARGETED CANCER IMMUNE THERAPY, 2009, New York, NY, pages 133 - 157, XP055493069, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0170-5

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0170-5
   ICLOZAN, CRISTINA ET AL.: "Recent advances in immunotherapy of lung cancer", JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER, vol. 11.1, 2012, pages 1 - 11, XP055493027, DOI: 10.6058/jlc.2012.11.1.1

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.6058/jlc.2012.11.1.1
   HUNG, CHIEN-FU ET AL.: "DNA vaccines for cervical 2007 cancer: from bench to bedside", EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE, vol. 39.6, 2007, pages 679 - 689, XP055680726
   MELERO, IGNACIO ET AL.: "Palettes of vaccines and 2009 immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies for combination", CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, vol. 15.5, 2009, pages 1507 - 1509, XP055493136, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2931

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2931
   ZITVOGEL, LAURENCE ET AL.: "Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions for cancer immunotherapy", ONCOLMMUNOLOGY, vol. 1.8, 2012, pages 1223 - 1225, XP002716013, DOI: 10.4161/onci.21335

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.21335
   SIERRO, SOPHIE R. ET AL.: "Combination of 2011 lentivector immunization and low-dose chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 blocking primes self-reactive T cells and induces anti-tumor immunity", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 41.8, 2011, pages 2217 - 2228, XP055053701, DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041235

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041235
   WEBER, JEFFREY: "Immune checkpoint proteins: a 2010 new therapeutic paradigm for cancer-preclinical background: CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade", SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY, vol. 37. 5, 2010, pages 430 - 439, XP009177527, DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.005

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.005
   BLANK, CHRISTIAN ET AL.: "Blockade of PD-L1 (B7- 2006 H1) augments human tumor-specific T cell responses", INT. J. CANCER, vol. 119, 2006, pages 317 - 327, XP002557386, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21775

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21775
   LI ET AL.: "Potent Systemic Antitumor Immunity 2007 Induced by Vaccination with Chemotactic- Prostate Tumor Associated Antigen Gene - Modified Tumor Cell and Blockade of B7-H1", J. CLIN. IMMUNOL., vol. 27, 2007, pages 117 - 130, XP019481374
   HOBO ET AL.: "Improving dendritic cell vaccine 2012 ( online ) immunogenicity by silencing PD-1 ligands using siRNA-lipid nanoparticles combined with antigen mRNA electroporation", CANCER IMMUNOL. IMMUNOTHER., vol. 62, 2013, pages 285 - 297, XP055129027, DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1334-1

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1334-1
   HA ET AL.: "Enhancing therapeutic vaccination by 2008 blocking PD-1-mediated inhibitory signals during chronic infection", JEM, vol. 205, 2008, pages 543 - 555, XP007910673, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071949

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071949
   PASCOLO: "Vaccination With Messenger RNA", METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE, vol. 127, 2006, pages 23 - 40, XP009117840

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-168-1:23
   SCHLAKE ET AL.: "Developing mRNA-vaccine technologies", RNA BIOLOGY, vol. 11, 2012, pages 1319 - 1330, XP055561756, DOI: 10.4161/rna.22269

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.22269
   JEFFREY B. ULMER; PETER W. MASON; ANDREW GEALL; CHRISTIAN W. MANDL;: "RNA-based vaccines", VACCINE, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 30, no. 30, 18 April 2012 (2012-04-18), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 4414 - 4418, XP028520925, ISSN: 0264-410X, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.060 * (cited during patent prosecution as D1) *

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.060
   AGARWAL AND VOGELZANG: "Cancer vaccines: from research to clinical practice", 2011, article AGARWAL AND VOGELZANG: "Development of novel immune interventions for genito-urinary cancers", pages: 25 - 43, XP055492086
   PASCOLO: "DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols", METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE, vol. 127, no. Second Edition, 2006, pages 23 - 40, XP009117840

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-168-1:23
   ULMER ET AL.: "RNA-based vaccines", VACCINE, vol. 30, 2012, pages 4414 - 4418, XP028520925

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.060
   WEIDE ET AL.: "Plasmid DNA- and messenger RNA-based anti-cancer vaccination", IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 115, 2008, pages 33 - 42, XP022400684

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2007.09.012
   KREITER ET AL.: "Tumor vaccination using messenger RNA: prospects of a future therapy", CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 23, 2011, pages 399 - 406, XP055018902

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.03.007
   SCHLAKE ET AL.: "Tumor vaccination using messenger RNA: prospects of a future therapy", RNA BIOLOGY, vol. 9, no. 11, 2012, pages 1319 - 1330, XP002743467

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.22269
   MARTINON ET AL.: "Induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by liposome-entrapped mRNA.", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 23, 1993, pages 1719 - 1722, XP000618955

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830230749
   HOERR: "OP57 - Stabilized messenger RNA (RNActive (TM)) as a tool for innovative gene delivery", TISSUE ENGINEERING, vol. 13, no. 4, 2007, pages 886 - 887, XP091251215
   SCHEEL ET AL., FINAL PROGRAM FOR SOCIETY FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (SITC) 26TH ANNUAL MEETING, 4 November 2011 (2011-11-04)
   MONIE ET AL.: "Modification of dendritic cells to enhance cancer vaccine potency", TARGETED CANCER IMMUNE THERAPY, XP055493069

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0170-5
   TOPALIAN ET AL.: "Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity", CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 24, 2012, pages 207 - 212, XP002714810

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.009
   ZITVOGEL ET AL.: "Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions for cancer immunotherapy", ONCOLMMUNOLOGY, vol. 1, no. 8, 2012, pages 1223 - 1225, XP002716013

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.21335
   POSTOW ET AL.: "Beyond Cancer Vaccines : A Reason for Future Optimism With Immunomodulatory Therapy", NIH PUBLIC ACCESS AUTHOR MANUSCRIPT, vol. 17, no. 5, 2011, pages 1 - 13, XP055510153

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0b013e31823261db
   BRAHMER ET AL.: "Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer", NEJM, vol. 366, no. 26, 2012, pages 2455 - 2465, XP002685330

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1200694
   SIERRO ET AL.: "Combination of lentivector immunization and low-dose chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 blocking primes self-reactive T cells and induces anti-tumor immunity", EUR. J. IMMUNOL., vol. 41, 2011, pages 2217 - 2228, XP002716011

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041235
   ZHOU ET AL.: "Blockade of Programmed Death-1 Pathway Rescues the Effector Function of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Lentivector Immunization", THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 185, 2010, pages 5082 - 5092, XP055497999

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001821
   MKRTICHYAN ET AL.: "Anti-PD-1 synergizes with cyclophosphamide to induce potent anti-tumor vaccine effects through novel mechanisms", IMMUNOMODULATION, vol. 41, 2011, pages 2977 - 2986, XP055497998

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201141639
   LI ET AL.: "Anti-Programmed Death-1 Synergizes with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Secreting Tumor Cell Immunotherapy Providing Therapeutic Benefit to Mice with Established Tumors", CLIN CANCER RES, vol. 15, no. 5, 2009, pages 1623 - 1634, XP055166457

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1825
   SONG ET AL.: "Enhancement of Vaccine-induced Primary and Memory CD 8+ T- cell Responses by Soluble PD-1", J. IMMUNOTHER, vol. 34, 2011, pages 297 - 306, XP055498003

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0b013e318210ed0e
   CURRAN ET AL.: "PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors", PNAS, vol. 107, no. 9, 2010, pages 4275 - 4280, XP055067204

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0915174107
   RIBAS: "Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1", NEJM, vol. 366, no. 26, 2012, pages 2517 - 2519, XP008178734

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe1205943
   DAI ET AL.: "PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T cell immunity elicited by dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vaccines", MOLECULAR THERAPY, vol. 20, no. 9, 2012, pages 1800 - 1809, XP002716012

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2012.98
   VANHAM ET AL.: "Can immunotherapy be useful as a functional cure for infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1?", RETROVIROLOGY, vol. 9, no. 72, 2012, pages 1 - 21, XP021107722

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-72
   FOTIN-MLECZEK ET AL.: "Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, vol. 14, 2012, pages 428 - 439, XP002716014

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
   WEBER: "Immune Checkpoint Proteins: A New Therapeutic Paradigm for CancerPreclinical Background: CTLA-4 and PD-1 Blockade", SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 5, 2010, pages 430 - 439, XP009177527

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.005
   FOTIN-MLECZEK M ET AL.: "Messenger RNA-based Vaccines With Dual Activity Induce Balanced TLR-7 Dependent Adaptive Immune Responses and Provide Antitumor Activity", J IMMUNOTHER, vol. 34, 2011, pages 1 - 15, XP008144564

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0b013e3181f7dbe8
   HA ET AL.: "Enhancing therapeutic vaccination by blocking PD-1 mediated inhibitory signals during chronic infection", JEM, vol. 205, no. 3, 2008, pages 543 - 555, XP007910673

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071949
   SIERRA, S. ET AL.: "Combination of lentivector immunization and low-dose chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 blocking primes self-reactive T cells and induces anti-tumor immunity", EUR. J. IMMUNOL., vol. 41, 2011, pages 2217 - 2228, XP002716011

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041235
   DAI, B. ET AL.: "PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T cell immunity elicited by dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vaccines", MOLECULAR THERAPY, vol. 20, no. 9, September 2012 (2012-09-01), pages 1800 - 1809, XP002716012

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2012.98
   ZITVOGEL, L. ET AL.: "Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions for cancer immunotherapy", ONCOIMMUNOLOGY, vol. 1, no. 8, November 2012 (2012-11-01), pages 1223 - 1225, XP002716013

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.21335
   FOTIN-MLECZEK, M. ET AL.: "Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, vol. 14, 2012, pages 428 - 439, XP002716014

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
   "Cancer Vaccines: From Research to Clinical Practice", 2011, article VOGELZANG, N.J. ET AL.: "3 Development of novel immune interventions for genito-urinary cancers", pages: 25 - 43, XP055492086
   HA, S-J. ET AL.: "Enhancing therapeutic vaccination by blocking PD-1-mediated inhibitory signals during chronic infection", JEM, vol. 205, 17 March 2008 (2008-03-17), pages 543 - 555, XP007910673

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071949
   TOPALIAN, S. ET AL.: "Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity", CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 24, 2012, pages 207 - 212, XP002714810

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.009
   BUTTE, M. ET AL.: "Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1 Interacts Specifically with the B7-1 Costimulatory Molecule to Inhibit T Cell Responses", IMMUNITY, vol. 27, July 2007 (2007-07-01), pages 111 - 122, XP055099322

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007.05.016
   PAUL J CONVERSE, 605402, 14 November 2000 (2000-11-14), XP055682181, Retrieved from the Internet [retrieved on 20191223]
   "nVivoMab anti-mouse PD-1 (CD279)", PRODUCT SHEET
   CURRAN ET AL.: "PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors", PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA., vol. 107, no. 9, 16 February 2010 (2010-02-16), pages 4275 - 4278, XP055067204

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0915174107
   PILON-THOMAS ET AL.: "Blockade of programmed death ligand 1 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of combination immunotherapy against melanoma", J IMMUNOL, vol. 184, 1 March 2010 (2010-03-01), pages 3442 - 3449, XP002767914

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0904114
   ROSSI ET AL.: "Human Dendritic Cells: Potent Antigen-Presenting Cells at the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity", J IMMUNOL, vol. 175, 1 August 2005 (2005-08-01), pages 1373 - 1381, XP055510144

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1373
   FOTIN-MLECZEK ET AL.: "Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect", J GENE MED, vol. 14, June 2012 (2012-06-01), pages 428 - 439, XP002716014

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.2605
   WEBER ET AL.: "Immune Checkpoint Proteins: A New Therapeutic Paradigm for CancerPreclinical Background: CTLA-4 and PD-1 Blockade", SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 5, October 2010 (2010-10-01), pages 430 - 439, XP009177527

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.005
   PARDOLL ET AL.: "The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy", NATURE REVIEWS CANCER, vol. 12, 22 March 2012 (2012-03-22), pages 252 - 264, XP055415943

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc3239
   BRAHMER ET AL.: "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Making Immunotherapy a Reality for the Treatment of Lung Cancer", CANCER IMMUNOL RES., vol. 1, no. 2, 22 July 2013 (2013-07-22), pages 85 - 91, XP055198615

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-13-0078
   POSTOW ET AL.: "Beyond Cancer Vaccines : A Reason for Future Optimism With Immunomodulatory Therapy", NIH PUBLIC ACCESS AUTHOR MANUSCRIPT, vol. 17, no. 5, September 2011 (2011-09-01), pages 1 - 13, XP055510153

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0b013e31823261db
   DURAISWAMY ET AL.: "Dual Blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 Combined with Tumor Vaccine Effectively Restores T-Cell Rejection Function in Tumors", CANCER RES., vol. 73, no. 12, 30 April 2013 (2013-04-30), pages 3591 - 3603, XP055218335

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4100
   HA ET AL.: "Enhancing therapeutic vaccination by blocking PD-1-mediated inhibitory signals during chronic infection", J EXP MED., vol. 205, no. 3, 17 March 2008 (2008-03-17), pages 543 - 555, XP007910673

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20071949
   TOPALIAN ET AL.: "Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity", CURR OPIN IMMUNOL., vol. 24, no. 2, 9 January 2012 (2012-01-09), pages 207 - 212, XP002714810

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.009
   ULMER ET AL.: "RNA-based vaccines", VACCINE, vol. 30, no. 30, 28 April 2012 (2012-04-28), pages 4414 - 4418, XP028520925

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.060
   SONJA KLEFFEL, CHRISTIAN POSCH, STEVEN R. BARTHEL, HANSGEORG MUELLER, CHRISTOPH SCHLAPBACH, EMMANUELLA GUENOVA, CHRISTOPHER&#: "Melanoma Cell-Intrinsic PD-1 Receptor Functions Promote Tumor Growth", CELL, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM NL, vol. 162, no. 6, 1 September 2015 (2015-09-01), Amsterdam NL , pages 1242 - 1256, XP055594329, ISSN: 0092-8674, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.052

DOI:   http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.052
The EPO accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of data originating from other authorities; in particular, it does not guarantee that it is complete, up to date or fit for specific purposes.